PUBLICATIONS

@article{sanchez-gonzalez_heliostat_2024,

title = {Heliostat field aiming strategy based on deterministic optimization: An experimental validation},

author = {Alberto Sánchez-González and Marios Kontopyrgos and Kypros Milidonis and Marios C. Georgiou},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960148124014745},

doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2024.121406},

issn = {09601481},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-01},

urldate = {2024-10-24},

journal = {Renewable Energy},

volume = {236},

pages = {121406},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mehmood_synergistic_2024,

title = {Synergistic frameworks for sensor fault isolation and accommodation in grid-side converters},

author = {Faizan Mehmood and Lenos Hadjidemetriou and Panayiotis M. Papadopoulos and Marios M. Polycarpou},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2949855424000443},

doi = {10.1016/j.jai.2024.09.001},

issn = {29498554},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-01},

urldate = {2024-10-24},

journal = {Journal of Automation and Intelligence},

pages = {S2949855424000443},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{meligy_comparative_2024,

title = {Comparative analysis of machine learning models of linear Fresnel solar collector},

author = {Rowida Meligy and Alaric C. Montenon and Hadeer A. Hassan},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960148124009339},

doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2024.120865},

issn = {09601481},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-01},

urldate = {2024-09-01},

journal = {Renewable Energy},

volume = {230},

pages = {120865},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{milidonis_heliostat_2024,

title = {Heliostat geometrical characterization by UAV-assisted, close-range photogrammetry},

author = {Kypros Milidonis and D. Abate and Manuel J. Blanco},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038092X24005449},

doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2024.112849},

issn = {0038092X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-01},

urldate = {2024-09-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

volume = {280},

pages = {112849},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{montenon_quantifying_2024,

title = {Quantifying the Shading Effects of a Small-Scale Rooftop-Installed Linear Fresnel Reflector in Cyprus},

author = {Alaric C. Montenon and Giorgos Papakokkinos and Kostantinos Ilia},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/13/3269},

doi = {10.3390/en17133269},

issn = {1996-1073},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-07-01},

urldate = {2024-07-01},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {17},

number = {13},

pages = {3269},

abstract = {Linear Fresnel reflectors are a versatile solar concentration technology, suitable for a wide range of industrial processes and thermal conditioning applications. Such collectors entail a certain footprint, generating shading on the surface where they are installed. This effect is rarely quantified but may play an indirect role on the surface below. When installed on a roof, the solar radiation heats the building less. In places where the annual heating demand is higher than the cooling demand, this constitutes an asset. However, this becomes a disadvantage when the cooling demand is higher annually than the heating demand. Essentially, the reduced solar radiation allows for the growth of plants that would not grow without the shade provided by the collector. The present paper is a quantitative analysis of such shading based on the linear Fresnel reflector of the Cyprus Institute. The work was conducted using the Tonatiuh++ ray-tracing software to determine the annual radiation blocking. A total of four years of actual meteorological measurements were applied directly to the ray-tracing model.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{carlucci_characteristics_2024,

title = {Characteristics of the built environment in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East and related energy and climate policies},

author = {Salvatore Carlucci and Manfred A. Lange and Georgios Artopoulos and Hanan M. Albuflasa and Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos and Shady Attia and Elie Azar and Erdem Cuce and Ali Hajiah and Isaac A. Meir and Marina Neophytou and Melina Nicolaides and Despina Serghides and Aaron Sprecher and Muhieddin Tawalbeh and Stavroula Thravalou and Ioanna Kyprianou},

url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12053-024-10217-w},

doi = {10.1007/s12053-024-10217-w},

issn = {1570-646X, 1570-6478},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-01},

urldate = {2024-10-24},

journal = {Energy Efficiency},

volume = {17},

number = {5},

pages = {52},

abstract = {Abstract 

 The Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) region hosts some of the world’s most influential and troubled cities. It is also a hotspot of climate change and socio-economic and political turbulence, which inflate the already flammable conditions and reinforce existing local vulnerabilities. Some of the most arduous challenges of cities relate to the built environment – although vital for human well-being, buildings rarely offer both sufficient and affordable shelter to their inhabitants. With energy performance regulations coming into effect during the past three decades, a considerable proportion of the worldwide building stock had already been constructed and is now ageing and inefficient. Harmonising the energy performance of buildings at a sufficient level requires common objectives and priorities, and the EMME region consists of nations with different governance and regulations. Scarce literature exists on the existing operational frameworks, and this study aims to offer an overview of the built environment policy scene in the EMME region, identifying gaps, good practices and prospects. The study draws from scholarly literature, national and international regulations and other document sources, as well as local experts. This work finds that although most EMME countries participate in and embrace international agreements, they act individually and not collectively, confirming our hypothesis that the policy agenda reflects the diverse characteristics of the region. By recognising standing failings and strengths, moving forward becomes a possibility through the adoption of integrated governance, common policy agendas and financing mechanisms to create sustainable urban centres inhabited by resilient and equitable communities.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vurro_contrasting_2024,

title = {Contrasting the features and functionalities of urban microclimate simulation tools},

author = {Giandomenico Vurro and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378778824001580},

doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114042},

issn = {03787788},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-05-01},

urldate = {2024-10-25},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {311},

pages = {114042},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{papadopoulos_fostering_2024,

title = {Fostering wider application of anti-soiling strategies in existing solar power plants: A comparative study of novel quaternarized silica hybrids with commercial self-cleaning coatings},

author = {Nikolaos D. Papadopoulos and Polyxeni Vourna and Kypros Milidonis and Andreas Eliades and Polycarpos Falaras},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254058424001718},

doi = {10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.129046},

issn = {02540584},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-03-01},

urldate = {2024-10-24},

journal = {Materials Chemistry and Physics},

volume = {315},

pages = {129046},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{zachariadis_behavioral_2024,

title = {Behavioral Science for Sustainability: Lessons for Cyprus},

author = {Theodoros Zachariadis and Melina Moleskis and Pantelis Solomou},

url = {https://repository.cyi.ac.cy/handle/CyI/2229},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Cyprus Economic Policy Review},

volume = {18},

number = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{santos_editorial_2023,

title = {Editorial: Global excellence in sustainable design and construction: Europe 2023},

author = {Paulo Santos and Elena Lucchi and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1335915/full},

doi = {10.3389/fbuil.2023.1335915},

issn = {2297-3362},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-01},

urldate = {2024-10-25},

journal = {Frontiers in Built Environment},

volume = {9},

pages = {1335915},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{hadjidemetriou_digital_2023,

title = {A digital twin architecture for real-time and offline high granularity analysis in smart buildings},

author = {Lenos Hadjidemetriou and Nearchos Stylianidis and Demetris Englezos and Panayiotis M. Papadopoulos and Demetrios Eliades and Stelios Timotheou and Marios M. Polycarpou and Christos Panayiotou},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2210670723004067},

doi = {10.1016/j.scs.2023.104795},

issn = {22106707},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-01},

urldate = {2023-11-01},

journal = {Sustainable Cities and Society},

volume = {98},

pages = {104795},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Enhancing decarbonization of power generation through electricity trade in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Region},

author = {Constantinos Taliotis and Marios Karmellos and Nestor Fylaktos and Theodoros Zachariadis},

doi = {10.1016/j.rset.2023.100060},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-01},

urldate = {2023-08-01},

journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition},

volume = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Sharing the decarbonisation effort: getting Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East countries on the road to global carbon neutrality},

author = {Despina Yiakoumi and Constantinos Taliotis and Theodoros Zachariadis},

doi = {10.1080/14693062.2023.2216178},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-24},

urldate = {2023-05-24},

journal = {Climate Policy},

volume = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the planning, operation and maintenance of concentrating solar thermal systems: A review},

author = {Kypros Milidonis and Andreas Eliades and Victor Grigoriev and Manuel J. Blanco},

doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2023.03.005},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-01},

urldate = {2023-04-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

abstract = {The technological advancements achieved in the field of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have positioned this technology as a key enabling technology for revolutionizing the entire energy industry by facilitating diverse operations and tasks that would otherwise be either impossible to carry out, costly, labour intensive, and, in some cases, dangerous. The plethora of UAV-based applications is enormous constituting a unique arsenal of capabilities, with the most dominant being the unparallelled access to remote long-range data collection, logging and transmission, and extended visual mapping. This paper provides a comprehensive review of integrating UAV-based applications and methods for the planning, operation and maintenance of Concentrating Solar Thermal (CST) power plants. This review is based not only on the peer-reviewed literature, but on the analysis of the relevant patent landscape. In addition to presenting the current state-of-the-art, it delves into the perspective of UAV integration into the CST sector for the foreseeable future. Lastly, based on the key findings of the review, other key enabling technologies that could be employed in UAV-based applications for unleashing further automation and opportunities in the CST sector are discussed.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Hierarchical control of Multi-Generation solar thermal power plant},

author = {Alaric C. Montenon},

doi = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119942},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-05},

urldate = {2023-03-05},

journal = {Applied Thermal Engineering},

volume = {222},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{stojilovska_as_2023,

title = {As essential as bread: Fuelwood use as a cultural practice to cope with energy poverty in Europe},

author = {Ana Stojilovska and Dušana Dokupilová and João Pedro Gouveia and Anna Zsófia Bajomi and Sergio Tirado-Herrero and Nóra Feldmár and Ioanna Kyprianou and Mariëlle Feenstra},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214629623000476},

doi = {10.1016/j.erss.2023.102987},

issn = {22146296},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-03-01},

urldate = {2024-10-25},

journal = {Energy Research & Social Science},

volume = {97},

pages = {102987},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{favero_analysis_2023,

title = {Analysis of subjective thermal comfort data: A statistical point of view},

author = {Matteo Favero and Antonio Luparelli and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378778822009264},

doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112755},

issn = {03787788},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-01},

urldate = {2024-10-25},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {281},

pages = {112755},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Science policy frameworks for a post-pandemic green economic recovery},

author = {Theodoros Zachariadis and Elias Giannakis and Marios Karmellos and Constantinos Taliotis and Nestor Fylaktos},

doi = {10.1016/j.esr.2022.101035},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Energy Strategy Reviews},

volume = {45},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CARLUCCI2023107421,

title = {Monitoring and performance evaluation of a green wall in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate},

author = {Salvatore Carlucci and Magdalene Charalambous and Julia Nerantzia Tzortzi},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352710223016017},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107421},

issn = {2352-7102},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Building Engineering},

volume = {77},

pages = {107421},

abstract = {Green walls are gaining popularity as a sustainable cladding solution for buildings, offering various advantages for the built environment and human well-being. However, there is a lack of research on plant selection guides and field data in semi-arid Mediterranean climates, limiting our understanding of green wall potential. To address these gaps, this study assesses the hygrothermal and sound insulation performance of a modular living wall in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate and develops a plant-selection guideline for green wall applications. The experiment involves a comparative assessment between the modular living wall and a bare-wall-reference facade. Measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, and sound pressure were taken, along with thermal imaging, to record the surface temperatures of the experimental facades. Results reveal that the modular-living wall significantly decreased dry-bulb air temperature (up to 8 °C) and reduced sound pressure by up to 5.1 dB. Additionally, relative humidity in the air cavity behind the modular living wall consistently increased by 6.6%, with a maximum absolute humidity differential of 8.6 g/kg. Thermal imaging showed a surface temperature difference of up to 27 °C, with foliage having a higher leaf-area-index proving more efficient in reducing the surface temperature of the green wall. Overall, the modular living wall effectively protected building walls from high solar radiation and temperatures, resulting in reduced energy requirements for space cooling. However, proper irrigation and plant health maintenance are necessary. This study fills important research gaps, providing valuable insights into the potential benefits and performance of green walls in semi-arid Mediterranean climates.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{en16135217,

title = {Learning from the Past: The Impacts of Economic Crises on Energy Poverty Mortality and Rural Vulnerability},

author = {Ioanna Kyprianou and Despina Serghides and Harriet Thomson and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/5217},

doi = {10.3390/en16135217},

issn = {1996-1073},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {16},

number = {13},

abstract = {The summer-dominated Mediterranean island of Cyprus is often considered in the contexts of beach tourism, sunny weather, and different types of business economic activities and services. In terms of its climatic conditions, extreme heat and mild winters characterise the island; yet, recent evidence has shown that winter poses a significant threat to public health. Its excess winter mortality is amongst the highest in Europe and there is an increased risk of energy-poverty-related mortality compared to total mortality. This study is an extension of previous research, with the objective of further scrutinizing the shift observed between urban and rural energy poverty mortality in the time of a severe nationwide financial crisis. Mortality and temperature data for the period of 2008-2018, as well as macroeconomic indicators, were investigated through a linear regression analysis. The results indicated that the declining economic situation of the island severely hit rural areas, with a significant increase in energy-poverty-related mortality, while urban areas were more resilient to this. There are three existing challenges linked to energy poverty: low incomes, high energy prices, and poor building energy efficiency. In Cyprus, all three coincide and are aggravated in times of crisis, creating conditions of extreme vulnerability for populations already in a disadvantaged position. This study’s motivation was to highlight the intense vulnerability associated with crises in Cyprus, and its outcomes call for higher levels of support at such times, especially when it comes to rural populations.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ATTIA2023113170,

title = {Overheating calculation methods, criteria, and indicators in European regulation for residential buildings},

author = {Shady Attia and Caroline Benzidane and Ramin Rahif and Deepak Amaripadath and Mohamed Hamdy and Peter Holzer and Annekatrin Koch and Anton Maas and Sven Moosberger and Steffen Petersen and Anna Mavrogianni and Juan Maria Hidalgo-Betanzos and Manuela Almeida and Jan Akander and Hossein Khosravi Bakhtiari and Olivier Kinnane and Risto Kosonen and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778823004000},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113170},

issn = {0378-7788},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {292},

pages = {113170},

abstract = {With the ongoing significance of overheating calculations in the residential building sector, building codes such as the European Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) are essential for harmonizing the indicators and performance thresholds. This paper investigates Europe's overheating calculation methods, indicators, and thresholds and evaluates their ability to address climate change and heat events. e study aims to identify the suitability of existing overheating calculation methods and propose recommendations for the EPBD. The study results provide a cross-sectional overview of twenty-six European countries. The most influential overheating calculation criteria are listed the best approaches are ranked. The paper provides a thorough comparative assessment and recommendations to align current calculations with climate-sensitive metrics. The results suggesta framework and key performance indicators that are comfort-based, multi-zonal, and time-integrated to calculate overheating and modify the EU's next building energy efficiency regulations. The results can help policymakers and building professionals to develop the next overheating calculation framework and approach for the future development of climate-proof and resilient residential buildings.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{KYPRIANOU2023110226,

title = {Mitigation and adaptation strategies to offset the impacts of climate change on urban health: A European perspective},

author = {Ioanna Kyprianou and George Artopoulos and Anna Bonomolo and Timothy Brownlee and Rita Ávila Cachado and Chiara Camaioni and Vladan Đokić and Rosalba D'Onofrio and Zoran Đukanović and Salvatore Fasola and Caterina Francesca Di Giovanni and Roberta Cocci Grifoni and Panos Hadjinicolaou and Giacomo Ilardo and Predrag Jovanović and Stefania La Grutta and Velia Malizia and Graziano Enzo Marchesani and Maria Federica Ottone and Elio Trusiani and Jelena Živković and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132323002536},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110226},

issn = {0360-1323},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {238},

pages = {110226},

abstract = {Climate change threatens urban health, whether that refers to the human or environmental aspects of urban life. At the same time, initiatives of city regeneration envision alternative forms of the urban environment, where derelict spaces have the potential to be brought back to life in ways that would not compromise urban health. Regeneration processes should utilise mitigation and adaptation strategies that consider the future needs and anticipated role of cities within the context of the discourse about climate change, accounting for expected and unforeseen impacts and regarding the city as an agent of action rather than a static territory, too complex to change. Nevertheless, literature implicating these three parameters synchronously, namely, climate change, cities, and health, has been scarce. This study aims to fill this gap through a systematic literature review, exploring climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies that can be employed in urban regeneration efforts seeking to mitigate climate-exacerbated phenomena and their impacts on urban health as well as identifying the main trends and opportunities overlooked. Findings show that even though the emphasis is given to the physical actions and impacts of climate change and urban health, an emerging theme is a need to engage civic society in co-designing urban spaces. Synergistic relationships, collaborations and avoidance of lock-in situations appear to be the most significant subtopics emerging from this literature review. One main recommendation is the promotion of a community-driven, inclusive, participatory approach in regeneration projects. That will ensure that different vulnerabilities can be adequately addressed and that diverse population groups will have equitable health benefits.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{FAVERO2023112755,

title = {Analysis of subjective thermal comfort data: A statistical point of view},

author = {Matteo Favero and Antonio Luparelli and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778822009264},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112755},

issn = {0378-7788},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {281},

pages = {112755},

abstract = {Thermal comfort research aims to determine the relationship between the thermal environment and the human sense of warmth. This is usually achieved by measuring the subjective human thermal response to different thermal environments. However, it is common practice to use simple linear regression to analyse data collected using ordinal scales. This practice may lead to severe errors in inference. This study first set the methodological foundations to analyse subjective thermal comfort data from a statistical perspective. Subsequently, we show the practical consequences of fallacious assumptions by utilising a Bayesian approach and show, through an illustrative example, that a linear regression model applied to ordinal data suggests results different from those obtained using ordinal regression. Specifically, linear regression found no difference in means and effect size between genders, while the ordinal regression model led to the opposite conclusion. In addition, the linear regression model distorts the estimated regression coefficient for air temperature compared to the ordinal model. Finally, the ordinal model shows that the distance between adjacent response categories of the ASHRAE 7-point thermal sensation scale is not equidistant. Given the abovementioned issues, we advocate utilising ordinal models instead of metric models to analyse ordinal data.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{BANIHASHEMI2023113546,

title = {Window state or action modeling? An explainable AI approach in offices},

author = {Farzan Banihashemi and Manuel Weber and Bing Dong and Salvatore Carlucci and Roland Reitberger and Werner Lang},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778823007764},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113546},

issn = {0378-7788},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {298},

pages = {113546},

abstract = {Window operation significantly impacts energy use and indoor environmental quality in buildings. Individuals behave differently, making it difficult for models trained on a specific dataset to encompass the entire spectrum of these actions. A generalizable model is essential to predict the behavior of diverse occupants in office spaces. To address this need, this paper presents a systematic approach that captures this diversity, thereby contributing to developing a model towards generalizability. The approach involves state and action modeling through a Random Forest algorithm on the ASHRAE Global Occupant Behavior Database. The data pre-processing, hyperparameter tuning, and evaluation are deeply described and applied to window action and state datasets. Our results demonstrated that including metadata in a state model and applying a G-Mean threshold moving technique can result in an F1-score of 0.74. This score slightly outperformed the state room-wise model, which was trained only on its own dataset and achieved an F1-score of 0.73. However, both models had similar accuracies of 77%. The action model did not fare as well as the state models, with an F1-score and accuracy score of just 0.42 and 49%, respectively. In contrast, the action model showed more explainable results for domain experts than state models.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Evaluating capacity auction design for electricity: An experimental analysis},

author = {Despina Yiakoumi

},

doi = {10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106370},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-01},

urldate = {2022-11-01},

journal = {Energy Economics},

volume = {115},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Heliostat fields with a balanced mirror density},

author = {Grigoriev, Victor||Milidonis, Kypros||Blanco, Manuel Jesus

},

doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2022.07.050},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-01},

urldate = {2022-09-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

volume = {243},

abstract = {The efficiency of heliostat fields is analyzed in terms of mirror density. It is shown that it is possible to estimate the blocking and shadowing losses without ray tracing or polygon clipping. The calculations are based on general geometric properties and provide a kind of upper limit for heliostats with various mirror shapes and tracking systems. The use of mirror density allows to skip a multiparametric optimization of heliostat coordinates and to describe heliostat fields as if they had an ideal layout. The optimal distribution of mirror density is found by solving a variational problem, which assures that the transfer of heliostats from a region of low efficiency to a region of high efficiency does not change the overall efficiency of the field. The gains from the transfer are compensated exactly by the losses from the additional blocking and shadowing. It is shown how to design heliostat fields with a balanced mirror density, and the advantages of the balanced layout are compared with a more conventional nonblocking layout. The analysis also includes an economic model, which helps to estimate the price of solar heat and to distribute the investment costs properly between the heliostat field and other components of power plant.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Urban street canyon flows under combined wind forcing and thermal buoyancy},

author = {Costas Marakkos

},

doi = {10.1063/5.0090642},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-18},

urldate = {2022-07-18},

journal = {Physics of Fluids},

volume = {34},

abstract = {In this work we investigate buoyancy-driven flows within urban street-canyon cavities of three aspect ratios under simultaneous inertial wind forcing. The main aim of this work is to enhance the understanding of induced urban airflow patterns under non-isothermal conditions, through experimental investigation which to date are relatively scarce. The experimental results can be used for corresponding Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Scaled-down models of typical street-canyon cavity geometries were deployed inside a water channel where different ambient atmospheric conditions were simulated using dimensional analysis and similarity criteria. Three model street-canyon cavities were examined, with height-to-width(aspect) ratios of 2/3, 1 and 2. The thermal buoyancy forcing was applied by means of differential heating between the two canyon side walls, for a given background flow velocity well-above the canyon height. The non-dimensional parameter $B$ was used to quantify the competitive influence of the buoyancy versus the inertial forcing, integrating in as well as the geometrical aspect of the street canyon. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to acquire velocity vector fields across the middle vertical planar cross-section of the urban street canyon. The results showed that the canyon aspect ratio affects the resulting flow field, however a main vortex structure is present in all the visualized flow patterns with flow direction always being consistent with that of an uprising flow along the canyon heated wall.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Optical performance comparison of two receiver configurations for medium temperature Linear Fresnel Collectors},

author = {Alaric C. Montenon and Fabio Montagnino and Costas Marakkos 

},

doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2022.05.029},

isbn = {0038-092X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-01},

urldate = {2022-07-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

volume = {240},

abstract = {Linear Fresnel collectors are good candidates to lower the use of fossil fuels in the built environment and in the industry, due to their compact nature and adaptability. In addition, the technology shows large margins for improvement, in terms of efficiency capital and operational expenditures. The present study presents a new atmospheric double tube absorber, which fully explores non-imaging optics design. An existing LFR system with a second stage concentrator consisting of an evacuated tube with an associated secondary parabolic reflector, is compared with a novel model adopting the same LFR primary field but a new second stage concentrator, which achieves a much wider acceptance angle. It is shown that, beyond a better performance, the novel proposed solution provides simpler maintenance, as in cleaning and parts replacement, and a reduced cost, as it includes cheaper standard components. The study was conducted in ray-tracing environment with the Tonatiuh++ software, which is able to directly implement non-imaging optics configurations via analytic equations. The present study is centred on the optical performance of the collector. The quantitative comparison demonstrates that the annual yield of the novel model is increased at least by 8.3% while the cost per metre of the receiver is decreased by 45%.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Control Strategies Applied to a Heat Transfer Loop of a Linear Fresnel Collector},

author = {Alaric C. Montenon},

doi = {10.3390/en15093338},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-04},

urldate = {2022-05-04},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {9},

abstract = {The modelling of Linear Fresnel Collectors (LFCs) is crucial in order to predict accurate performance for annual yields and to define proper commands to design the suitable controller. The ISO 9806 modelling, applied to thermal collectors, presents some gaps especially with concentration collectors including LFCs notably due to the factorisation of the incidence angle modifiers and the fact that they are considered symmetric around the south meridian. The present work details the use of two alternative modellings methodologies based on recorded experimental data on the solar system installed at the Cyprus Institute, in the outskirts of Nicosia, Cyprus. The first modelling is the RealTrackEff, which is an improved ISO9806 modelling, and the second is constructed using the CARNOT blockset in MATLAB/Simulink. Both models include all the elements of the heat transfer fluid loop, i.e., mineral oil, with a tank and a heat-exchanger. First, the open loops studies demonstrated that the root mean square on temperature is 1 °C with the RealTrackEff; 2.9 °C with the CARNOT and 6.3 °C with the ISO9806 in comparison to the experimental data. Then, a PID control is applied on the experimental values in order to estimate the impact on the outlet temperature on the absorber and on power generation. Results showed that the error on the estimation of the heat absorbed reaches 32%.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Upper limits to the mean annual optical efficiency of solar mono-tower systems},

author = {Blanco, Manuel Jesus||Grigoriev, Victor

},

doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2022.02.038},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-01},

urldate = {2022-04-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

volume = {236},

abstract = {This study presents an analysis of the theoretical upper limits to the mean annual optical efficiency of the Light Collection and Concentration (LCC) subsystem of a solar tower system, which is the subsystem composed of the heliostat field and the active surfaces of the receiver that capture the concentrated solar radiation sent by the heliostat field to transform it into thermal energy. The “ideal” LCC subsystem is modelled gradually, by incrementally introducing into the model factors that limit the mean annual optical efficiency of any LCC subsystem and whose influence in the optical efficiency cannot be reduced to zero, starting with the cosine factor, followed by the atmospheric transmittance, and then by the product of the receiver intercept factor and a factor related to the shading of the heliostat field by the receiver. At each degree of complexity of the ideal LCC subsystem model, the optimal configuration of the “ideal” LCC subsystem that achieves the highest mean annual optical efficiency in terms of heliostat field shape and receiver size is identified for a selected range of latitudes, tower heights and heliostat field sizes or total mirror areas. Thus, the upper-limits of the mean annual optical efficiency of the LCC subsystem of solar towers are obtained as a function of the specified parameters. The results obtained show that at a latitude of 30° North, for tower heights between 200 and 300 meters and heliostat fields with mirror areas between 1.3 km2 and 2.5 km2, the upper limit of the mean annual optical efficiencies vary between 79.2% and 74.7%, with the highest upper limit corresponding to the combinations of the tallest towers and smallest heliostat fields. This strongly indicates that the mean annual optical efficiency of actual solar mono-tower systems of commercially realistic heliostat field sizes and tower heights will hardly reach 70% at any location on Earth.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Energy performance of healthcare facilities in 3 climatic zones 3 in Cyprus},

author = {Serghides, Despina||Thravalou, Stavroula||Dimitriou, Stella||Kyprianou, Ioanna},

doi = {10.1051/rees/2022004},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

urldate = {2022-03-01},

journal = {Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability},

volume = {7},

abstract = {Safeguarding affordable and energy-efficient medical services has emerged as a crucial necessity to sustain national healthcare systems, especially in view of the current pandemic. While a set of national standards and guidelines aim to set minimum energy requirements for the building facilities, more insight into the healthcare sector energy consumption in Cyprus is deemed necessary, since it is the 4th most energy-demanding sector per square meter in this country. This is the first extended research on energy consumption in healthcare facilities across the different climatic zones of Cyprus and the types of fuel favoured in each zone, which marks the novelty of this work. The findings of the study highlight that the coastal and inland climatic zones are the most energy-challenging regions, with more than 60% of the final energy needs covered by electricity. On the contrary, in the mountainous region, approximately 80% of the final energy needs are covered by oil and attributed mainly to heating purposes. The average national primary energy consumption of healthcare facilities was found to be 497 kWh/m2 in air-conditioned spaces. Therefore, this study highlights that the mean primary energy consumption per building surface is approximately 4 times higher than the national threshold for nZEBs; compelling critical consideration of intervention for their energy enhancement. Moreover, healthcare facilities in mountainous regions in Cyprus are heavily reliant on conventional fuel; an unreliable and highly polluting energy option. The work demonstrates the prominent challenge and high potential for energy retrofit of the examined facilities and their upgrading to nZEB-Hospitals, towards the endeavour to a climate-neutral energy transition.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Simulation of an isolated system behavior at high RES penetration coupled with storage},

author = {George Partasides

},

doi = {10.1007/s43937-022-00006-w},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-18},

urldate = {2022-02-18},

journal = {Discov Energy},

volume = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{en15144984,

title = {Adaptation of Users to Future Climate Conditions in Naturally Ventilated Historic Buildings: Effects on Indoor Comfort},

author = {Francesco Fiorito and Giandomenico Vurro and Francesco Carlucci and Ludovica Maria Campagna and Mariella De Fino and Salvatore Carlucci and Fabio Fatiguso},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/14/4984},

doi = {10.3390/en15144984},

issn = {1996-1073},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {15},

number = {14},

abstract = {User behaviour can significantly affect indoor thermal comfort conditions, as well as energy consumption, especially in existing buildings with high thermal masses where natural cross ventilation is the main strategy to reduce cooling loads. The aims of this paper were: (i) to compare how behavioural changes evaluated by means of rule-based and stochastic models lead to changes in indoor thermal comfort levels, and (ii) to define the patterns of indoor thermal comfort in historic residential buildings in future scenarios. To this end, a historic building located in Molfetta (Southern Italy) was analysed using a dynamic energy simulation engine in five weather scenarios (Typical Meteorological Year, current extreme weather file 2018, predicted weather files for 2020, 2050, and 2080 generated by morphing method), and stochastic and rule-based models for window openings were adopted and compared. The results showed that the stochastic model was more accurate than the rule-based one, resulting in a reduction of discomfort conditions during the summer period between 30% and 50% in all climate scenarios. However, although the differences between predicted discomfort levels using rule-based and stochastic models tended to increase, discomfort levels still appeared to be not acceptable in the 2050 and 2080 scenarios due to the rising temperature driven by climate change.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{FAVERO2022119803,

title = {Human-in-the-loop methods for occupant-centric building design and operation},

author = {Matteo Favero and Jan Kloppenborg Møller and Davide Calì and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261922010790},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119803},

issn = {0306-2619},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Applied Energy},

volume = {325},

pages = {119803},

abstract = {A comfortable indoor environment should be one of the main services buildings provide. However, technical building systems are typically designed and operated according to fixed set-point temperatures determined by the ‘one-size-fits-all’ principle assuming universal thermal comfort requirements, which has been questioned in the last fifty years. Designing and implementing comfortable set-point modulations that consider occupant feedback would be beneficial in terms of increasing comfort, potentially reduce energy consumption and significantly support the clean energy transition. An exploratory study aimed at predicting the thermal preferences of human subjects exposed to a dynamic thermal environment is presented. Using data acquired from a laboratory experiment where subjects were exposed to precisely controlled thermal ramps in an ‘office-like’ climatic chamber, cluster-specific and population-averaged methods are designed to handle the group-level residual during the prediction of the thermal preference votes. The results show that both approaches are valid strategies for modelling thermal preference votes and are effective in supporting a concrete occupant-centric building design and the building’s operation. Furthermore, the population-averaged approach is suitable for the occupant-centric building design phase, where the target is an ‘average’ occupant. The cluster-specific method is best suited to meet the needs of a specific occupant and is suitable for implementation in the operational phase of the building.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dong2022,

title = {A Global Building Occupant Behavior Database},

author = {Bing Dong and Yapan Liu and Wei Mu and Zixin Jiang and Pratik Pandey and Tianzhen Hong and Bjarne Olesen and Thomas Lawrence and Zheng O’Neil and Clinton Andrews and Elie Azar and Karol Bandurski and Ronita Bardhan and Mateus Bavaresco and Christiane Berger and Jane Burry and Salvatore Carlucci and Karin Chvatal and Marilena De Simone and Silvia Erba and Nan Gao and Lindsay T Graham and Camila Grassi and Rishee Jain and Sanjay Kumar and Mikkel Kjærgaard and Sepideh Korsavi and Jared Langevin and Zhengrong Li and Aleksandra Lipczynska and Ardeshir Mahdavi and Jeetika Malik and Max Marschall and Zoltan Nagy and Leticia Neves and William O’Brien and Song Pan and June Young Park and Ilaria Pigliautile and Cristina Piselli and Anna Laura Pisello and Hamed Nabizadeh Rafsanjani and Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp and Flora Salim and Stefano Schiavon and Jens Schwee and Andrew Sonta and Marianne Touchie and Andreas Wagner and Sinead Walsh and Zhe Wang and David M Webber and Da Yan and Paolo Zangheri and Jingsi Zhang and Xiang Zhou and Xin Zhou},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01475-3},

doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01475-3},

issn = {2052-4463},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Data},

volume = {9},

issue = {1},

pages = {369},

abstract = {This paper introduces a database of 34 field-measured building occupant behavior datasets collected from 15 countries and 39 institutions across 10 climatic zones covering various building types in both commercial and residential sectors. This is a comprehensive global database about building occupant behavior. The database includes occupancy patterns (i.e., presence and people count) and occupant behaviors (i.e., interactions with devices, equipment, and technical systems in buildings). Brick schema models were developed to represent sensor and room metadata information. The database is publicly available, and a website was created for the public to access, query, and download specific datasets or the whole database interactively. The database can help to advance the knowledge and understanding of realistic occupancy patterns and human-building interactions with building systems (e.g., light switching, set-point changes on thermostats, fans on/off, etc.) and envelopes (e.g., window opening/closing). With these more realistic inputs of occupants’ schedules and their interactions with buildings and systems, building designers, energy modelers, and consultants can improve the accuracy of building energy simulation and building load forecasting.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{KYPRIANOU2022103763,

title = {Urban vulnerability in the EMME region and sustainable development goals: A new conceptual framework},

author = {Ioanna Kyprianou and Despina Serghides and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670722000944},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103763},

issn = {2210-6707},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Sustainable Cities and Society},

volume = {80},

pages = {103763},

abstract = {Crises have shocked the global population and forced entire nations to shift their operations and priorities. The adverse effects of these crises primarily impact cities and their inhabitants; nevertheless, inherently, they have the potential to overcome them. Urban centres are home to around half of the global population, and often they are correlated to high standards of life, mostly in the Western world. Nevertheless, cities are highly flawed and, at times, are coming up short when it comes to accommodating human needs. Thus, the motivation of this work is to investigate urban vulnerabilities linked to the broader topic of climate change, focusing on urban centres in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East region. This study has a dual purpose: to introduce a content-based approach of analysis, akin to bibliometrics, using proxies and links to recreate a research landscape and investigate urban vulnerability under specific conditions and how it affects public health; ultimately, offering a tentative definition of it. The novelty of this study is the proxies and links approach, through which we have identified the major trends in urban vulnerability research, as well as possible under-explored themes, by interpreting qualitative findings into more tangible ones.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{DONG2022109195b,

title = {A guideline to document occupant behavior models for advanced building controls},

author = {Bing Dong and Romana Markovic and Salvatore Carlucci and Yapan Liu and Andreas Wagner and Antonio Liguori and Christoph Treeck and Dmitry Oleynikov and Elie Azar and Gianmarco Fajilla and Ján Drgoňa and Joyce Kim and Marika Vellei and Marilena De Simone and Masood Shamsaiee and Mateus Bavaresco and Matteo Favero and Mikkel Kjaergaard and Mohamed Osman and Moritz Frahm and Sanam Dabirian and Da Yan and Xuyuan Kang},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132322004310},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109195},

issn = {0360-1323},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {219},

pages = {109195},

abstract = {The availability of computational power, and a wealth of data from sensors have boosted the development of model-based predictive control for smart and effective control of advanced buildings in the last decade. More recently occupant-behavior models have been developed for including people in the building control loops. However, while important objectives of scientific research are reproducibility and replicability of results, not all information is available from published documents. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a guideline for a thorough and standardized occupant-behavior model documentation. For that purpose, the literature screening for the existing occupant behavior models in building control was conducted, and the occupant behavior modeling processes were studied to extract practices and gaps for each of the following phases: problem statement, data collection, and preprocessing, model development, model evaluation, and model implementation. The literature screening pointed out that the current state-of-the-art on model documentation shows little unification, which poses a particular burden for the model application and replication in field studies. In addition to the standardized model documentation, this work presented a model-evaluation schema that enabled benchmarking of different models in field settings as well as the recommendations on how OB models are integrated with the building system.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kyprianou2022c,

title = {Energy affordability and trends of mortality in Cyprus},

author = {Ioanna Kyprianou and Salvatore Carlucci and Despina Serghides},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2022.2046581},

doi = {10.1080/14786451.2022.2046581},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Energy},

volume = {41},

issue = {9},

pages = {1303-1322},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

abstract = {ABSTRACTEnergy affordability and climatic variability are associated to human health and this study investigates their impacts on public health for Cyprus, an eastern Mediterranean island afflicted by extreme summer heat and cold winters, especially in the Troodos mountains. Energy poverty indicators are computed through statistical analysis of mortality data and household consumption information, the latter collected through a tailored survey. Results show that almost half of the survey participants spend large proportions of their incomes towards essential energy services. Moreover, ambient temperature is significantly linked to mortality, with a 20-fold higher risk of death in winter and a major shift in mortality noticed around 2013, following a severe financial crisis which exposed rural populations to a higher mortality risk.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CHINAZZO2022109719,

title = {Quality criteria for multi-domain studies in the indoor environment: Critical review towards research guidelines and recommendations},

author = {Giorgia Chinazzo and Rune Korsholm Andersen and Elie Azar and Verena M. Barthelmes and Cristina Becchio and Lorenzo Belussi and Christiane Berger and Salvatore Carlucci and Stefano Paolo Corgnati and Sarah Crosby and Ludovico Danza and Luiza Castro and Matteo Favero and Stephanie Gauthier and Runa T. Hellwig and Quan Jin and Joyce Kim and Mandana Sarey Khanie and Dolaana Khovalyg and Carola Lingua and Alessandra Luna-Navarro and Ardeshir Mahdavi and Clayton Miller and Isabel Mino-Rodriguez and Ilaria Pigliautile and Anna Laura Pisello and Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp and Abdul-Manan Sadick and Francesco Salamone and Marcel Schweiker and Marc Syndicus and Giorgia Spigliantini and Natalia Giraldo Vasquez and Donna Vakalis and Marika Vellei and Shen Wei},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132322009490},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109719},

issn = {0360-1323},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {226},

pages = {109719},

abstract = {The perception, physiology, behavior, and performance of building occupants are influenced by multi-domain exposures: the simultaneous presence of multiple environmental stimuli, i.e., visual, thermal, acoustic, and air quality. Despite being extensive, the literature on multi-domain exposures presents heterogeneous methodological approaches and inconsistent study reporting, which hinder direct comparison between studies and meta-analyses. Therefore, in addition to carrying out more multi-domain studies, such investigations need to be designed, conducted, and documented in a systematic and transparent way. With the goal to facilitate and support future multi-domain studies and their meta-analyses, this work provides (1) a range of criteria for multi-domain study design and reporting (i.e., defined as quality criteria), and (2) a critical review of the multi-domain literature based on the described criteria, which can serve as guidelines and recommendations for future studies on the topic. The identified quality criteria encompass study set-up, study deployment and analysis, and study outcome, stressing the importance of adopting a consistent terminology and result reporting style. The developed critical review highlights several shortcomings in the design, deployment, and documentation of multi-domain studies, emphasizing the need for quality improvements of future multi-domain research. The ultimate goal of this work is to consolidate our knowledge on multi-domain exposures for its integration into regulatory resources and guidelines, which are currently dominated by single-domain knowledge.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1080/19401493.2022.2061050,

title = {Documenting occupant models for building performance simulation: a state-of-the-art},

author = {Marika Vellei and Elie Azar and Karol Bandurski and Christiane Berger and Salvatore Carlucci and Bing Dong and Matteo Favero and Ardeshir Mahdavi and Marcel Schweiker},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2022.2061050},

doi = {10.1080/19401493.2022.2061050},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Building Performance Simulation},

volume = {15},

number = {5},

pages = {634--655},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

abstract = {The number of occupancy and occupant behaviour models developed for building performance simulation (BPS) has steadily increased for the past four decades. However, their use is still limited in practice. This is partly due to the difficulty in understanding their utility and to the challenges related to their implementation into BPS. Both problems can be attributed to the lack of a framework for their description and communication. In this paper, we fill this gap by introducing a framework to document occupant models, that represents the state-of-the-art of available information on the topic. The framework consists of four blocks (description, development, evaluation, and implementation) and can also be regarded as a guideline to help researchers communicate their models transparently. Based on a systematic review, we verify to which degree existing academic papers on occupant models meet the framework, thus providing a self-critical assessment of the state-of-the-art of occupant models' documentation.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Khambadkone2022,

title = {Solar Chimney Power Plants: A Review of the Concepts, Designs and Performances},

author = {Cuce Erdem and Pinar Mert Cuce and Salvatore Carlucci and Harun Sen and Kumarasamy Sudhakar and Md. Hasanuzzaman and Reza Daneshazarian},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1450/htm https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1450},

doi = {10.3390/SU14031450},

isbn = {9046422375181},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Sustainability 14, no. 3: 1450},

volume = {14},

number = {3},

pages = {1450},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {This research presents a comprehensive review of solar chimney power plants (SCPP) as a reliable source of renewable electricity generation. Solar chimney power plants differ from other renewable energy technologies because thermal and momentum effects result in 24-h electricity generation. However, they are influenced by a wide range of design, geometrical and operational parameters, and environmental conditions. This review evaluates the design aspects and the theoretical, numerical, experimental, and performance findings in previous works holistically and concisely. The study also extensively discusses the various optimization strategies, advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of solar chimney power plants. Energy storage aspects and hybrid system designs are also addressed in the present review in order to overcome the known handicaps and limitations of solar chimney power plants. The performance figures of the technology are clearly demonstrated as a function of the design and operational conditions, and future prospects are discussed in detail. It is hoped that designers and policymakers will gain valuable insight into the technological features and advancements of solar chimney power plants, assisting them in making a better-informed decision.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Montenon2021,

title = {Economic assessment of a pv hybridized linear fresnel collector supplying air conditioning and electricity for buildings},

author = {Alaric C. Montenon and Costas N. Papanicolas},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/1/131},

doi = {10.3390/en14010131},

issn = {19961073},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

pages = {131--1 -- 131--25},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The present study evaluates the potential upgrade of a Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) collector at the Cyprus Institute (CyI) with photovoltaics via the calculation of the Levelized Cost Of Heat (LCOH). For over 4 years the collector has been supplying heating and cooling to the Novel Technologies Laboratory (NTL) of the Cyprus Institute (CyI). Extensive measurements have been carried out both on the LFR and NTL to render real numbers in the computations. This hybridization would be undertaken with the installation of PV arrays under mirrors, so that the collector is able to either reflect direct radiation to the receiver to process heat or to produce electricity directly in the built environment. The main objective is the decrease of the LCOH of Linear Fresnel collectors, which hinders their wider deployment, while air conditioning demand is globally booming. The results show that the LCOH for a small LFR to supply air conditioning is high, ce25.2–30.1 per kWh, while the innovative PV hybridization proposed here decreases it. The value of the study resides in the real data collected in terms of thermal efficiency, operation, and maintenance.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Grigoriev2021a,

title = {Optimal Sizing of Cylindrical Receivers for Surround Heliostat Fields Using fluxtracer},

author = {Victor Grigoriev and Kypros Milidonis and Marios Constantinou and Clotilde Corsi and John Pye and Manuel J. Blanco},

doi = {10.1115/1.4051315},

issn = {0199-6231},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

journal = {Journal of Solar Energy Engineering},

volume = {143},

number = {6},

publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection},

abstract = {This article presents an innovative approach for optimizing the dimensions of cylindrical receivers for solar tower systems. In this approach, a single set of rays, representative of a complete annual ray-tracing simulation of the solar tower system, is used and processed to evaluate numerous receiver designs simultaneously and to select the optimum. The simultaneous evaluation of receiver designs is achieved by exploiting the geometrical properties of the intersection between a ray and a cylinder, which allows estimating the annual energy intercepted by receivers of different heights without the need for processing the annual set of rays more than one time. Once the annual intercepted energy is known for each receiver, the application of a costing function estimating the receiver cost as a function of its surface area allows to estimate their cost and, therefore, to select the receiver dimensions that will yield a minimum surface area for a given annual energy interception factor. The overall workflow to carry out the mentioned receiver optimization approach has been implemented by adapting several open-source tools that The Cyprus Institute (CyI) is developing in collaboration with the Australian National University (ANU) to assist in the modeling, analysis, design, and optimization of concentrated solar thermal (CST) systems. This article also presents a detailed overview of the overall simulation workflow as well as a case study demonstrating the capabilities of the approach.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Carlucci2021,

title = {ASHRAE Likelihood of Dissatisfaction: A new right-here and right-now thermal comfort index for assessing the Likelihood of dissatisfaction according to the ASHRAE adaptive comfort model},

author = {Salvatore Carlucci and Silvia Erba and Lorenzo Pagliano and Richard Dear},

doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111286},

issn = {03787788},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {250},

pages = {111286},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The assessment of local and short-term thermal discomfort in buildings has been widely investigated, and different metrics are available in the literature to predict the likelihood of dissatisfied people. These metrics are named right-here and right-now discomfort indexes and constitute the basis for evaluating long-term thermal comfort conditions in buildings. Well-known examples are the Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) part of the Fanger comfort model included in the ISO standard 7730 and the Overheating risk index (NaOR), built upon the EN adaptive thermal comfort model. This study proposes a new index for use with the ASHRAE adaptive thermal comfort model to fill a gap in the literature and standard. It is called the ASHRAE Likelihood of Dissatisfaction (ALD) and is obtained from a logistic regression of the right-here and right-now thermal comfort field data contained in the 1990s ASHRAE RP-884 database. The recent release of another, more extensive database of thermal comfort field studies, the ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database II, provides an opportunity to validate ALD with an independent dataset and assess its generalisability. The successful external validation of ALD and its agreement with NaOR give support to the reliability of the novel right-here and right-now index and open to the possibility to use it for assessing short-term thermal comfort conditions in buildings, calculating long-term thermal comfort indices based on the ASHRAE adaptive model, optimising both the design of new buildings and renovations and for assessing the operational thermal comfort performance of existing buildings.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Smedegard2021,

title = {Systematic and data-driven literature review of the energy and indoor environmental performance of swimming facilities},

author = {Ole Øiene Smedegård and Bjørn Aas and Jørn Stene and Laurent Georges and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12053-021-09985-6},

doi = {10.1007/S12053-021-09985-6/FIGURES/5},

issn = {15706478},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Energy Efficiency},

volume = {14},

number = {7},

pages = {1--27},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},

abstract = {During the last few decades, focus on measures for energy conservation in buildings has increased considerably. The European Commission implemented the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, which gave instructions to the member states about how to reduce energy consumption in residential and non-residential buildings. In the process of making the building sector more energy efficient, the building codes generally have become stricter with some simplifications applied in the requirements. For swimming facilities in Norway, these simplifications are undermining the purpose of the code by excluding the energy use related to the operation of swimming pools, which is the main part of the energy use in this building category. In other words, the energy use related to operation of the facility is not regulated. Furthermore, guidelines for the planning and operation of these types of facilities are outdated and research for this building category is sparse. These three aspects mean that there is a considerable potential for improvement. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review with bibliometric and thematic analyses of the contextualized research in swimming facilities from a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning perspective. It maps the major trends during the past few decades, where areas like solar heating for outdoor pools, energy consumption, and air quality stand out. Except for air quality and disinfection by-products, research on these facilities is highly fragmented without any strong contributors to the various fields. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pisello2021,

title = {Test rooms to study human comfort in buildings: A review of controlled experiments and facilities},

author = {Anna Laura Pisello and I. Pigliautile and M. Andargie and Christiane Berger and P. M. Bluyssen and Salvatore Carlucci and G. Chinazzo and Z. Deme Belafi and B. Dong and Matteo Favero and A. Ghahramani and G. Havenith and A. Heydarian and D. Kastner and M. Kong and D. Licina and Y. Liu and A. Luna-Navarro and A. Mahdavi and A. Nocente and Marcel Schweiker and M. Touchie and M. Vellei and F. Vittori and Andreas Wagner and A. Wang and S. Wei},

doi = {10.1016/J.RSER.2021.111359},

issn = {1364-0321},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},

volume = {149},

pages = {111359},

publisher = {Pergamon},

abstract = {Occupants' comfort perception affects building energy consumptions. To improve the understanding of human comfort, which is crucial to reduce energy demand, laboratory experiments with humans in controlled environments (test rooms) are fundamental, but their potential also depends on the characteristic of each research facility. Nowadays, there is no common understanding for definitions, concepts, and procedures related to human comfort studies performed in test rooms. Identifying common features would allow standardising test procedures, reproducing the same experiments in different contexts, and sharing knowledge and test possibilities. This review identifies 187 existing test rooms worldwide: 396 papers were systematically selected, thoroughly reviewed, and analysed in terms of performed experiments and related test room details. The review highlights a rising interest in the topic during the last years, since 46% of related papers has been published between 2016 and 2020. A growing interest in non-thermal sensory domains (such as visual and air quality) and multi-domain studies about occupant's whole comfort emerged from the results. These research trends have entailed a change in the way test rooms are designed, equipped and controlled, progressively becoming more realistic inhabitable environments. Nevertheless, some lacks in comfort investigation are highlighted: some continents (like Africa and South America) and climate zones are found to be underrepresented, while involved subjects are mainly students performing office tasks. This review aspires to guide scientists and professionals toward the improved design or the audit of test room experimental facilities, especially in countries and climate zones where human comfort indoors is under-studied.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Favero2021,

title = {Human thermal comfort under dynamic conditions: An experimental study},

author = {Matteo Favero and Igor Sartori and Salvatore Carlucci},

doi = {10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2021.108144},

issn = {0360-1323},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {204},

pages = {108144},

publisher = {Pergamon},

abstract = {Although thermal comfort has been a research topic since the 1960s, some knowledge gaps still affect understanding of the human response to changing thermal environments. To enhance knowledge in this regard, an exploratory study is presented, which aims to understand human response to monotonic thermal variations by describing its relationship with covariates of interest. Thirty-eight participants (29 females, 9 males) worked in an office-like climate chamber and were exposed to dynamic and controlled heating and cooling ramps of the operative temperature with different speeds. Participants' perception, evaluation, preference and acceptability of the indoor thermal environment were recorded by filling in dedicated questionnaires. Additionally, participants could indicate when an uncomfortable event occurred during these temperature ramps by clicking a digital button on a dedicated app. This discomfort event was defined in behavioural terms as the decision to “take action to restore a comfort condition”. Survival analysis was used to study participants' reactions to the dynamic thermal stimuli. It showed that two distinct mechanisms caused discomfort events due to overheating and undercooling: warm discomfort is driven by the absolute value of the achieved operative temperature, while the relative change in operative temperature mainly causes cold discomfort. Compared to the current recommendations regarding temperature cycles, drifts and ramps, this result shows that current standard recommendations underestimate the risk of thermal discomfort during a cooling process while overestimating it during a heating one. The new knowledge of human reaction to a dynamic thermal environment can lead to more energy-efficient and satisfactory building control strategies.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sotiriou2021b,

title = {A multi-objective optimisation approach to explore decarbonisation pathways in a dynamic policy context},

author = {Chryso Sotiriou and Theodoros Zachariadis},

doi = {10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.128623},

issn = {0959-6526},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

urldate = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},

volume = {319},

pages = {128623},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Climate policy is changing fast in the EU, with country leaders raising the bloc's ambition to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and 2050. However, there is uncertainty about the allocation of decarbonisation effort between EU member states. This paper develops a multi-objective optimisation framework to provide insights to decision-makers in this policy context by exploring trade-offs between stronger decarbonisation goals and higher costs. Applying this approach for Cyprus, we find that the maximum achievable abatement for the EU Effort Sharing sectors corresponds to a 35% target. The current 24% ambition can be achieved with net social benefits, but the transition to higher abatement results in positive costs with a gradual rate of increase. The picture changes when decision-making explicitly accounts for external costs of emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in the optimisation procedure. In this case, the least-cost solution delivers an abatement of about 32% and can yield social benefits of more than one billion Euros'2020. Regarding public expenditures, it requires about 3% of national GDP each year. This indicates that the socially optimal policy mix for attaining decarbonisation of the Cypriot economy is feasible but requires a consistent allocation of public funds to build infrastructure, overcome investment barriers and mobilise capital to enable the uptake of clean technologies across the economy. Although the modelling framework has been developed for a specific country and is tailored to the specific EU policy circumstances, the proposed methodology is entirely suitable for other world regions with a demanding decarbonisation roadmap.},

keywords = {Energy Planning & Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Beltramo2021,

title = {The Global Least-cost user-friendly CLEWs Open-Source Exploratory model},

author = {Agnese Beltramo and Eunice Pereira Ramos and Constantinos Taliotis and Mark Howells and Will Usher},

doi = {10.1016/J.ENVSOFT.2021.105091},

issn = {1364-8152},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {Environmental Modelling & Software},

volume = {143},

pages = {105091},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) are important tools to analyse cross-sectoral interdependencies and the use of global resources. Most current tools are highly detailed and require expert knowledge and proprietary software to generate scenarios and analyse their insights. In this paper, the complementary Global Least-cost User-friendly CLEWs Open-Source Exploratory (GLUCOSE) model is presented as a highly-aggregated global IAM, open and accessible from source to solver and using the OSeMOSYS tool and the CLEWs framework. The model enables the exploration of policy measures on the future development of the integrated resource system. Thanks to its relatively simple structure, it requires low computational resources allowing for the generation of a large number of scenarios or to quickly conduct preliminary investigations. GLUCOSE is targeted towards education and training purposes by a range of interested parties, from students to stakeholders and decision-makers, to explore possible future pathways towards the sustainable management of global resources.},

keywords = {Energy Planning & Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Carlucci2021a,

title = {On the impact of stochastic modeling of occupant behavior on the energy use of office buildings},

author = {Salvatore Carlucci and Francesco Causone and Silvia Biandrate and Martina Ferrando and Amin Moazami and Silvia Erba},

doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111049},

issn = {03787788},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {246},

pages = {111049},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The reliability of building performance simulation is hindered by several uncertainties, with aleatory uncertainty due to occupant behavior being one of the most critical. The present study aims to assess the propagation of uncertainty due to the adoption of stochastic models for modeling Occupant Presence and Actions (OPAs) available in the literature on the annual electric energy use of a reference office building. To this purpose, a global sensitivity analysis was designed and carried out by analyzing model inputs and energy outputs of 144 permutations of 15 different stochastic models for OPAs for a total of 7200 simulations. Building energy use computed considering stochastic OPAs modeling resulted in being sensibly higher than the reference value estimated assuming scheduled occupancy and rule-based occupant's actions as suggested by reference standards. The median value of the electric energy use was 58.6% higher than the base case electric energy use. Furthermore, the stochastic models used to model window operation have the highest effect on energy output, followed by light switch-off, and occupancy models. Light switch-on models showed a lower influence on the overall building energy performance. Furthermore, the Generalized Estimating Equations method was adopted to assess the interdependence among stochastic models for OPA and showed that changing the stochastic model in window operation, occupancy estimation, and light switch-off behavior generates a considerable difference in building's energy performance. Contrariwise, the available stochastic models for light switch-on and blind operation perform quite similarly among each other and have a limited impact on a building's energy performance.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Karmellos2021,

title = {A decomposition and decoupling analysis of carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation: Evidence from the EU-27 and the UK},

author = {Marios Karmellos and V. Kosmadakis and P. Dimas and A. Tsakanikas and Nestor Fylaktos and Constantinos Taliotis and Theodoros Zachariadis},

doi = {10.1016/J.ENERGY.2021.120861},

issn = {0360-5442},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {Energy},

volume = {231},

pages = {120861},

publisher = {Pergamon},

abstract = {In this paper the driving factors of carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation in the European Union are examined for the years 2000–2018, separated into three time periods using decomposition analysis, and particularly LMDI-I. Seven driving factors are examined, namely the economic activity effect, the population effect, the electricity intensity effect, the electricity trade effect, the energy intensity effect, the generation structure effect, and the emissions factor effect. The results showed that the main driving factor leading to increased carbon dioxide emissions is the economic activity effect counterbalanced mainly by the contribution of the generation structure effect. Moreover, a decoupling analysis between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions was carried out aiming to identify the state of each country for each period. In the third examined period (2013–2018) most countries in the EU-27 are in a state of strong decoupling.},

keywords = {Energy Planning & Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Smedegard2021a,

title = {The implementation of multiple linear regression for swimming pool facilities: Case study at Jøa, Norway},

author = {Ole Øiene Smedegård and Thomas Jonsson and Bjørn Aas and Jørn Stene and Laurent Georges and Salvatore Carlucci},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/4825/htm https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/4825},

doi = {10.3390/en14164825},

issn = {19961073},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-01},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {14},

number = {16},

pages = {4825},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {This paper presents a statistical model for predicting the time-averaged total power consumption of an indoor swimming facility. The model can be a powerful tool for continuous supervision of the facility's energy performance that can quickly disclose possible operational disruptions/irregularities and thus minimize annual energy use. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to analyze data collected in a swimming facility in Norway. The resolution of the original training dataset was in 1 min time steps and during the investigation was transposed both by time-averaging the data, and by treating part of the dataset exclusively. The statistically significant independent variables were found to be the outdoor dry-bulb temperature and the relative pool usage factor. The model accurately predicted the power consumption in the validation process, and also succeeded in disclosing all the critical operational disruptions in the validation dataset correctly. The model can therefore be applied as a dynamic energy benchmark for fault detection in swimming facilities. The final energy prediction model is relatively simple and can be deployed either in a spreadsheet or in the building automation reporting system, thus the method can contribute instantly to keep the operation of any swimming facility within the optimal individual energy performance range.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Milidonis2021,

title = {Review of application of AI techniques to Solar Tower Systems},

author = {Kypros Milidonis and Manuel J. Blanco and Victor Grigoriev and Constantinos F. Panagiotou and Aristides M. Bonanos and Marios Constantinou and John Pye and Charles Alexis Asselineau},

doi = {10.1016/J.SOLENER.2021.06.009},

issn = {0038-092X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

volume = {224},

pages = {500--515},

publisher = {Pergamon},

abstract = {Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly playing a significant role in the design and optimization of renewable energy systems. Many AI approaches and technologies are already widely deployed in the energy sector in applications such as generation forecasting, energy efficiency monitoring, energy storage, and overall design of energy systems. This paper provides a review of the applications of key AI techniques on the analysis, design, optimization, control, operation, and maintenance of Solar Tower systems, one of the most important types of Concentrating Solar Thermal (CST) systems. First, key AI techniques are briefly described and relevant examples of their application to CST systems in general are provided. Subsequently, a detailed review of how these AI techniques are being used to advance the state of the art of solar tower systems is presented. The review is structured around the different subsystems of a solar tower system.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Assessing the Economic Structure, Climate Change and Decarbonisation in Europe},

author = {Giannakis, Elias||Zittis, Georgios

},

doi = {10.1007/s41748-021-00232-7},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-14},

urldate = {2021-07-14},

journal = {Earth Systems and Environment},

volume = {5},

abstract = {Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions coming mainly from fossil fuel combustion for energy use are causing air temperature increases resulting in climate change. This study employs an environmentally extended input–output model to conduct an economy-wide assessment of GHG emissions in the European Union (EU). Model results indicate that the assumed growth of economic activity by 2030 will lead to a large increase in GHG emissions by 89%, assuming no technological change and no additional policy mitigation efforts. The electricity sector and agriculture create the highest direct and indirect GHG emissions per unit of economic output across the 27 EU member states (EU-27); for every 1-million-euro-increase in the final demand for the products and services of the electricity sector and agriculture, 2198 and 1410 additional tons of GHG emit, respectively. Regional climate projections under a low-decarbonisation pathway (RCP8.5), in accordance with our economic analysis, indicate a further increase of regional warming, combined with pronounced changes in the hydrological cycle. Contrariwise, following a strong mitigation pathway (RCP2.6) will result in warming levels lower than 1.5 °C with respect to the 1986–2005 reference period. Our findings reveal the importance of both direct and indirect contribution of economic sectors in the generation of GHG emissions, taking into consideration the size of the sectors and the assumed growth rates. The design and implementation of sectoral emission reduction policies from the perspective of the whole production supply chain can effectively contribute to GHG emission reduction commitments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Blanco2021,

title = {Minimizing the computational effort to optimize solar concentrators with the open-source tools sunpath and tonatiuh++},

author = {Manuel J. Blanco and Victor Grigoriev and Kypros Milidonis and George Tsouloupas and Miguel Larrañeta and Manuel Silva},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1197782},

doi = {10.3390/en14154412},

issn = {19961073},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-01},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {14},

number = {15},

abstract = {Integrals that are of interest in the analysis, design, and optimization of concentrating solar thermal systems (CST), such as the annual optical efficiency of the light collection and concentration (LCC) subsystem, can be accurately computed or estimated in two distinct ways: on the time domain and on the spatial domain. This article explores these two ways, using a case study that is highly representative of the commercial CST systems being deployed worldwide. In the time domain, the computation of these integrals are explored using 1-min, 10-min, and 1-h solar DNI input data and using The Cyprus Institute (CyI)'s High-Performance Computing (HPC) system and an open-source ray tracer, Tonatiuh++, being actively developed at CyI. In the spatial domain, the computation of these integrals is explored using SunPATH, another open-source software tool being actively developed at CyI, in tandem with Tonatiuh++. The comparison between the time and spatial domain approach clearly indicate that the spatial domain approach using SunPATH is dramatically more computationally efficient than the time domain approach. According to the results obtained, at least for the case study analyzed in this article, to compute the annual energy delivered by the LCC subsystem with a relative error less than 0.1%, it is enough to provide SunPATH with 1-h DNI data as input, request from SunPATH the sun position and weights of just 30 points in the celestial sphere, and run Tonatiuh++ to simulate these 30 points using 15 million rays per run. As the test case is highly representative, it is expected that this approach will yield similar results for most CST systems of interest.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dong2021,

title = {Occupant behavior modeling methods for resilient building design, operation and policy at urban scale: A review},

author = {Bing Dong and Yapan Liu and Hannah Fontenot and Mohamed M. Ouf and Mohamed Osman and Adrian Chong and Shuxu Qin and Flora Salim and Hao Xue and Da Yan and Yuan Jin and Mengjie Han and Xingxing Zhang and Elie Azar and Salvatore Carlucci},

doi = {10.1016/J.APENERGY.2021.116856},

issn = {0306-2619},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-01},

journal = {Applied Energy},

volume = {293},

pages = {116856},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Traditional occupant behavior modeling has been studied at the building level, and it has become an important factor in the investigation of building energy consumption. However, studies modeling occupant behaviors at the urban scale are still limited. Recent work has revealed that urban big data can enable occupant behavior modeling at the urban scale – however, utilizing the existing data sources and modeling methods in building science to model urban scale occupant behaviors can be quite challenging. Beyond building science, urban scale human behaviors have been studied in several different domains using more advanced modeling methods, including Stochastic Modeling, Neural Networks, Reinforcement Learning, Network Modeling, etc. This paper aims to bridge the gap between data sources and modeling methodologies in building science by borrowing from other domains. Based on a comprehensive review, we 1) identify the modeling challenges of the current approaches in building science, 2) discuss the modeling requirements and data sources both in building science and other domains, 3) review the current modeling methods in building science and other domains, and 4) summarize available performance evaluation metrics for evaluating the modeling methods. Finally, we present future opportunities in building science with enhanced data sources and modeling methods from other domains.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Thravalou2021,

title = {Urban design considerations in the environmental assessment of vernacular buildings with timber projections (sachnisi): The case of Nicosia's historic center},

author = {Stavroula Thravalou and Maria Philokyprou},

doi = {10.1016/J.FOAR.2020.11.001},

issn = {2095-2635},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-01},

urldate = {2021-03-01},

journal = {Frontiers of Architectural Research},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {176--189},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {In this study, the environmental responsiveness of built heritage is closely connected with the aspects of building typology and urban canyon geometry. The focus of this study is on two-story adobe buildings with lightweight timber projections, locally called sachnisi, which are located on the first floor, above the pass-through space on the ground floor, locally known as portico. The field study reveals and maps a total of 246 sachnisi projections across the walled city of Nicosia, Cyprus, a typical Mediterranean area. This research is the first systematic attempt to integrate cultural, historical, and environmental factors and the urban- and building-scale environmental characteristics of vernacular heritage. The findings highlight thermal adaptive opportunities and passive cooling strategies, i.e., natural ventilation, enhanced by aligning the portico axis with the prime wind direction and operating various openings of the sachnisis. The research also demonstrates that the building orientation and the proportions of sachnisis and porticos are insensitive to the street geometry. Thus, functional and morphological parameters (in addition to climatic parameters) are also significant in the configuration of these architectural elements. The originality and academic contribution of this study lie within the systematic and comprehensive methodology followed, which can be applied to other urban heritage sites. The use of innovative, multidisciplinary methods and tools in heritage studies is also recommended.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ramos2021,

title = {The climate, land, energy, and water systems (CLEWs) framework: a retrospective of activities and advances to 2019},

author = {Eunice Pereira Ramos and Mark Howells and Vignesh Sridharan and Rebecka Ericsdotter Engström and Constantinos Taliotis and Dimitris Mentis and Francesco Gardumi and Lucia Strasser and Ioannis Pappis and Gabriela Peña Balderrama and Youssef Almulla and Agnese Beltramo and Camilo Ramirez and Caroline Sundin and Thomas Alfstad and Annukka Lipponen and Eduardo Zepeda and Taco Niet and Jairo Quirós-Tortós and Jam Angulo-Paniagua and Abhishek Shivakumar and Silvia Ulloa and Holger Rogner},

url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abd34f https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abd34f/meta},

doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ABD34F},

issn = {1748-9326},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-01},

journal = {Environmental Research Letters},

volume = {16},

number = {3},

pages = {033003},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

abstract = {Population growth, urbanization and economic development drive the use of resources. Securing access to essential services such as energy, water, and food, while achieving sustainable development, require that policy and planning processes follow an integrated approach. The 'Climate-, Land-, Energy- and Water-systems' (CLEWs) framework assists the exploration of interactions between (and within) CLEW systems via quantitative means. The approach was first introduced by the International Atomic Energy Agency to conduct an integrated systems analysis of a biofuel chain. The framework assists the exploration of interactions between (and within) CLEW systems via quantitative means. Its multi-institutional application to the case of Mauritius in 2012 initiated the deployment of the framework. A vast number of completed and ongoing applications of CLEWs span different spatial and temporal scales, discussing two or more resource interactions under different political contexts. Also, the studies vary in purpose. This shapes the methods that support CLEWs-type analyses. In this paper, we detail the main steps of the CLEWs framework in perspective to its application over the years. We summarise and compare key applications, both published in the scientific literature, as working papers and reports by international organizations. We discuss differences in terms of geographic scope, purpose, interactions represented, analytical approach and stakeholder involvement. In addition, we review other assessments, which contributed to the advancement of the CLEWs framework. The paper delivers recommendations for the future development of the framework, as well as keys to success in this type of evaluations.},

keywords = {Energy Planning & Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Grigoriev2021,

title = {Method to determine the tracking angles of heliostats},

author = {Victor Grigoriev and Kypros Milidonis and Manuel J. Blanco and Marios Constantinou},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2215016121000376},

doi = {10.1016/j.mex.2021.101244},

issn = {22150161},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {MethodsX},

volume = {8},

number = {MEX 101244},

pages = {101244},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The heliostats with two tracking axes are considered, and the method is presented to find the tracking angles for reflection of sun light to a given target. An important advantage of the method is that the tracking axes are not required to be orthogonal like in azimuth-elevation, tilt-roll or target-aligned heliostats. All of these configurations are covered in a unified way, and the presented solution is valid even for arbitrary orientation of tracking axes. The ability to have such a general solution is very valuable, because the orthogonality condition may not hold precisely for manufacturing reasons or due to degradation of heliostats. These deviations need to be corrected properly to achieve a high concentration of sun light. The offsets between tracking axes are also taken into account. However, the targeting problem for heliostats in this case becomes considerably different from the inverse kinematic problems for robotic arm manipulators. It is shown that the tracking angles can be found iteratively, and the convergence of results is very fast for a typical set of parameters used in solar thermal plants. To simplify the use of the method, a Python-library HelioK was developed, and it is demonstrated how to work with it in a Jupyter-notebook. To explain the kinematics of heliostats better, a 3D model of heliostat is provided, which was made and animated in an open-source 3D editor Blender. The main highlights of the method: • The tracking axes and the facet of heliostat can have an arbitrary orientation, and there can be offsets between them. • The tracking problem is solved both for targets attached to heliostat (local aiming) and for separated targets (global aiming). • The single-axis trackers are included as a limiting case.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bonanos2021,

title = {Analysis of thermocline thermal energy storage systems with generic initial condition algebraic model},

author = {Aristides M. Bonanos and Evgeny Votyakov},

doi = {10.1016/J.SOLENER.2020.11.011},

issn = {0038-092X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

volume = {213},

pages = {154--162},

publisher = {Pergamon},

abstract = {Thermal energy storage is key in making solar-thermal power plants more economically competitive compared to conventional plants. In this work, a new algebraic solution for thermocline thermal energy storage tanks, allowing for any initial temperature profile, is developed and presented. The model, called the Algebraic IC model, is successfully validated by comparing with experimental data and numerical solution of the governing partial differential equations. Additionally, the algebraic solution is extended to incorporate heat losses from the thermocline tank walls to the environment. The algebraic solution is significantly less computationally expensive than other one-dimensional models, since algebraic, rather than differential, equations are solved. An explicit formula for optimal fluid velocity is developed and validated through a parametric study of a thermocline tank. The effect of the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient is also investigated. Finally, the operation of thermocline tanks under multiple consecutive charging and discharging cycles is studied. The tank efficiency depends on the amount of thermocline allowed to exit during each cycle, and was found to decrease initially and subsequently reach steady state in less than 10 cycles.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ramos2021a,

title = {The role of energy efficiency in the management of water resources of the syr darya river basin},

author = {Eunice Ramos and Nandi Moksnes and Annukka Lipponen and Lucia Strasser and Constantinos Taliotis and Shahid Siyal and Dimitris Mentis and Mark Howells},

doi = {10.1504/IJESD.2021.112667},

issn = {14746778},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {64--88},

publisher = {Inderscience Publishers},

abstract = {A motivation for integrated resource assessments is that they can capture indirect cross-sectoral effects of sectoral policies. This work investigates the electricity system implications from the implementation of basin-wide electricity and water systems efficiency measures. The spatial scope includes the four states that share the Syr Darya River basin. Different interests dictate the management of water resources in the basin. They are necessary for irrigation downstream in spring and summer and upstream, for hydropower generation during winter. The study investigated options to decrease the need for electricity upstream through efficiency measures and by the expansion of regional electricity trade. The scenarios were simulated by developing a multi-country electricity system model using the open source energy modelling system (OSeMOSYS). The results show that lesser investments in hydropower capacity could be needed and less water required in winter. This would reduce pressure on shared water resources.},

keywords = {Energy Planning & Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{su13052987,

title = {Cooling Degree Models and Future Energy Demand in the Residential Sector. A Seven-Country Case Study},

author = {Raúl Castaño-Rosa and Roberto Barrella and Carmen Sánchez-Guevara and Ricardo Barbosa and Ioanna Kyprianou and Eleftheria Paschalidou and Nikolaos S Thomaidis and Dusana Dokupilova and João Pedro Gouveia and József Kádár and Tareq Abu Hamed and Pedro Palma},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/5/2987},

doi = {10.3390/su13052987},

issn = {2071-1050},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Sustainability},

volume = {13},

number = {5},

abstract = {The intensity and duration of hot weather and the number of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, are increasing, leading to a growing need for space cooling energy demand. Together with the building stock's low energy performance, this phenomenon may also increase households' energy consumption. On the other hand, the low level of ownership of cooling equipment can cause low energy consumption, leading to a lack of indoor thermal comfort and several health-related problems, yet increasing the risk of energy poverty in summer. Understanding future temperature variations and the associated impacts on building cooling demand will allow mitigating future issues related to a warmer climate. In this respect, this paper analyses the effects of change in temperatures in the residential sector cooling demand in 2050 for a case study of nineteen cities across seven countries: Cyprus, Finland, Greece, Israel, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain, by estimating cooling degree days and hours (CDD and CDH). CDD and CDH are calculated using both fixed and adaptive thermal comfort temperature thresholds for 2020 and 2050, understanding their strengths and weaknesses to assess the effects of warmer temperatures. Results suggest a noticeable average increase in CDD and CDH values, up to double, by using both thresholds for 2050, with a particular interest in northern countries where structural modifications in the building stock and occupants' behavior should be anticipated. Furthermore, the use of the adaptive thermal comfort threshold shows that the projected temperature increases for 2050 might affect people's capability to adapt their comfort band (i.e., indoor habitability) as temperatures would be higher than the maximum admissible values for people's comfort and health.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Blanco2020,

title = {Updating the PSA sun position algorithm},

author = {Manuel J. Blanco and Kypros Milidonis and Aristides M. Bonanos},

doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2020.10.084},

issn = {0038092X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

volume = {212},

pages = {339--341},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The algorithm for computing the solar vector of (Blanco et al., 2001) is revisited to improve its accuracy in the period 2020–2050, a period for which the algorithm was not initially designed. The resulting improved algorithm achieves a 25% decrease in the average error of the angular deviation with respect to the true solar vector (from a mean error of 11.81–8.78 arcsec), while simultaneously decreasing the range of variation of the error.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Azar2020,

title = {Simulation-aided occupant-centric building design: A critical review of tools, methods, and applications},

author = {Elie Azar and William O'Brien and Salvatore Carlucci and Tianzhen Hong and Andrew Sonta and Joyce Kim and Maedot S. Andargie and Tareq Abuimara and Mounir El Asmar and Rishee K. Jain and Mohamed M. Ouf and Farhang Tahmasebi and Jin Zhou},

doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110292},

issn = {03787788},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {224},

number = {110292},

pages = {1 -- 21},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Occupants are active participants in their built environment, affecting its performance while simultaneously being affected by its design and indoor environmental conditions. With recent advances in computer modeling, simulation tools, and analysis techniques, topics such as human-building interactions and occupant behavior have gained significant interest in the literature given their premise of improving building design processes and operating strategies. In practice, the focus of occupant-centric literature has been mostly geared towards the latter (i.e., operation), leaving the implications on building design practices underexplored. This paper fills the gap by providing a critical review of existing studies applying computer-based modeling and simulation to guide occupant-centric building design. The reviewed papers are organized along four main themes, namely occupant-centric: (i) metrics of building performance, (ii) modeling and simulation approaches, (iii) design methods and applications, and (iv) supporting practices and mechanisms. Important barriers are identified for a more effective application of occupant-centric building design practices, including the limited consideration of metrics beyond energy efficiency (e.g., occupant well-being and space planning), the limited implementation and validation of the proposed methods, and the lack of integration of occupant behavior modeling in existing building performance simulation tools. Future research directions are discussed, covering large-scale international data collection efforts to move from generic assumptions about occupant behavior to specific/localized knowledge, improved metrics of measuring building performance, and improved industry practices, such as building codes, to promote an occupant-in-the-loop approach to the building design process.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Tovbin2020,

title = {Effect of Inert Gas Vibrations in Bound States on the Equilibrium of a Vapor-Liquid System},

author = {Yu K. Tovbin and Evgeny Votyakov},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0036024420090290},

doi = {10.1134/S0036024420090290},

issn = {1531-863X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-01},

journal = {Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2020 94:9},

volume = {94},

number = {9},

pages = {1952--1956},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The effect the vibrational motion of inert gas atoms in the bound states at an arbitrary density of a vapor–liquid system has on the equilibrium concentration dependence of the chemical potential on density is considered for the first time. Both the potential energy of interaction between atoms and their vibrations in the bound states, starting from an isolated dimer to a dense phase, are considered. Calculations are made using the lattice gas model (LGM) for a one-dimensional fluid. Spatial atomic distributions are described in a quasi-chemical approximation. Local frequencies of atoms are calculated in a quasi-dimer model of vibrational motion. At the same time, the translational motion of atoms when they move to neighboring vacant cells are considered. The calculations are made in two versions of the theory: discrete and continuum. The latter reflects the motion of the center of mass inside the cells into which the entire volume is partitioned in the LGM. It is found that allowing for the vibrations of atoms in the bound states at a fixed density of the system shifts the chemical potential to lower values.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bonanos2020,

title = {Estimation of mean field reflectance in CST applications},

author = {Aristides M. Bonanos and Alaric C. Montenon and Manuel J. Blanco},

doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.073},

issn = {0038092X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

volume = {208},

pages = {1031--1038},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The efficient and productive operation of a Concentrating Solar Thermal (CST) plant depends upon knowledge of the mean reflectance of the solar collector field, as the levelized cost of electricity has a one-to-one ratio with reflector optical performance. Considering the size of such collector fields, a continuous detailed survey of the whole field is not a practical proposition. This paper presents a statistical approach to measuring mean field reflectance by sampling only a subset of the field reflectors. We find that three samples are sufficient for evaluating the mean reflectance of a single facet, and that the locations sampled within the facet do not impact the estimate of the mean. Further, for any collection of facets behaving as a cluster, again sampling three facets is sufficient to yield an estimate of the mean reflectance of the cluster. These sample numbers hold for an error of 2.5% at 95% confidence; different error or confidence intervals will affect the sample numbers required. The results are obtained from studying the behavior of both a heliostat and a linear Fresnel collector field. A blueprint for large CST collector fields is derived.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Grigoriev2020,

title = {Sun tracking by heliostats with arbitrary orientation of primary and secondary axes},

author = {Victor Grigoriev and Kypros Milidonis and Manuel J. Blanco},

doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2020.07.086},

issn = {0038092X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

volume = {207},

pages = {1384--1389},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The tracking of heliostats with arbitrary orientation of the primary and secondary axes is considered, and the explicit formulas are derived to find the tracking angles for a given position of the sun. It is shown that the inverse kinematics problem leads to a quadratic equation and has two solutions in general case. The solutions can be obtained in vector, matrix or quaternionic form. The advantages of the particular forms and possible applications are discussed. The corrections due to offset between tracking axes and mirror facets are also considered. The paper is accompanied with a Python library, which shows how to implement the tracking algorithms, and an interactive Jupyter notebook.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dimitriou2020,

title = {A new approach in the refurbishment of the office buildings–from standard to alternative nearly zero energy buildings},

author = {Stella Dimitriou and Ioanna Kyprianou and Costas N. Papanicolas and Despina Serghides},

doi = {10.1080/14786451.2020.1749629},

issn = {1478646X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-01},

journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Energy},

volume = {39},

number = {8},

pages = {761--778},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {The government of Cyprus has developed packages addressing the energy performance of non-residential buildings, in order to achieve the national energy reduction objectives. Currently, Decree 366/2014 is in force, defining the requirements for a building to qualify as a nearly Zero Energy Building (nΖΕΒ). However, this falls short of addressing sufficiently the high cooling energy demand of buildings in Cyprus. This paper examines the energy and economic viability of various refurbishment scenarios by considering a public office building in the city of Limassol as a case study. The energy performance of the building was analysed first for its current state and also according to nZEB standards. In addition, a set of supplementary measures was examined, to develop a cost-effective alternative nZEB energy refurbishment model. Based on the results, the existing legislation, defining an nZEB is reconsidered prompting a proactive discussion towards the improvement of the current energy regulating Directives.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Votyakov2020,

title = {The Continuum Quasichemical Approximation in Vapor–Liquid Systems},

author = {Evgeny Votyakov and Yu K. Tovbin},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0036024420080324},

doi = {10.1134/S0036024420080324},

issn = {1531-863X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-08-01},

journal = {Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2020 94:8},

volume = {94},

number = {8},

pages = {1732--1737},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The continuum quasichemical approximation is used to improve the accuracy of describing molecular distributions in a vapor–liquid system. It considers displacements of the molecular center of mass from the center of a cell within the lattice gas model. It also allows for (as in its discrete variant) direct correlations of interacting molecules. The probability density of a molecule being inside the cell is used as a continuous function of its coordinate. An algorithm for solving a system of integral equations is developed with respect to the pair distribution function. The effect the continuum description of the particle distribution has on the concentration dependences of the main thermodynamic functions is investigated. The approach is shown to explain the concentration dependence of the parameter of effective lateral interaction.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giannakis2020,

title = {Land transport CO2 emissions and climate change: evidence from Cyprus},

author = {Elias Giannakis and Despina Serghides and Stella Dimitriou and George Zittis},

doi = {10.1080/14786451.2020.1743704},

issn = {1478646X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-08-01},

journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Energy},

volume = {39},

number = {7},

pages = {634--647},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {The land transport sector is one of the major emitters of CO2 and one of the hardest sectors to decarbonise. This study employs an environmentally-extended input-output model to conduct an economy-wide assessment of CO2 emissions in Cyprus, associated with a 22% increase in the final demand for the output of the sector by 2030. Model results indicate that the land transport sector creates the third highest (direct and indirect) CO2 emissions within Cyprus economy; for every 1 million euro increase in the final demand of the sector's services and products, 407 additional tons of CO2 are emitted. Considering that temperature in Cyprus is projected to increase by up to 4.5–5°C by the end of the century, our findings highlight the importance of the land transport sector in the transition of Cyprus to a low-carbon economy and the urgency of implementing in-sector cost-effective decarbonisation strategies.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Taliotis2020a,

title = {The Effect of Electric Vehicle Deployment on Renewable Electricity Generation in an Isolated Grid System: The Case Study of Cyprus},

author = {Constantinos Taliotis and Nestor Fylaktos and George Partasides and Francesco Gardumi and Vignesh Sridharan and Marios Karmellos and Costas N. Papanicolas},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2020.00205/full},

doi = {10.3389/fenrg.2020.00205},

issn = {2296598X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-08-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Energy Research},

volume = {8},

pages = {205},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Decarbonisation of national economies to mitigate climate change requires transformation of the entire energy system. Investments in renewable energy technologies in the electricity supply system are increasing, but substantial effort is called for in other sectors, such as transport. While European Union member states have submitted their integrated National Energy and Climate Plans, this paper focuses on partial electrification of the transport sector as a measure to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the isolated grid system of Cyprus in a cost-effective manner. The present work assesses the impact of electric vehicle deployment on the share of renewable electricity generation, electricity costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Quantification of these aspects is provided with an outlook until 2035. A cost-optimisation model (OSeMOSYS) is used that takes into account the electricity supply, road transport, and heating and cooling sectors. Smart charging option is also evaluated as a possibility.},

keywords = {Energy Planning & Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{OBrien2020,

title = {Introducing IEA EBC annex 79: Key challenges and opportunities in the field of occupant-centric building design and operation},

author = {William O'Brien and Andreas Wagner and Marcel Schweiker and Ardeshir Mahdavi and Julia Day and Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard and Salvatore Carlucci and Bing Dong and Farhang Tahmasebi and Da Yan and Tianzhen Hong and H. Burak Gunay and Zoltan Nagy and Clayton Miller and Christiane Berger},

doi = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106738},

issn = {03601323},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {178},

number = {106738},

pages = {1 -- 15},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Despite the fact that buildings are designed for occupants in principle, evidence suggests buildings are often uncomfortable compared to the requirements of standards; difficult to control by occupants; and, operated inefficiently with regards to occupants' preferences and presence. Meanwhile, practitioners –architects, engineers, technology companies, building managers and operators, and policymakers – lack the knowledge, tools, and precedent to design and operate buildings optimally considering the complex and diverse nature of occupants. Building on the success of IEA EBC Annex 66 (“Definition and simulation of occupant behavior in buildings”; 2013–2017), a follow-up IEA EBC Annex 79 (“Occupant-centric building design and operation”; 2018–2023) has been developed to address gaps in knowledge, practice, and technology. Annex 79 involves international researchers from diverse disciplines like engineering, architecture, computer science, psychology, and sociology. Annex 79 and this review paper have four main areas of focus: (1) multi-domain environmental exposure, building interfaces, and human behavior; (2) data-driven occupant modeling strategies and digital tools; (3) occupant-centric building design; and (4) occupant-centric building operation. The objective of this paper is to succinctly report on the leading research of the above topics and articulate the most pressing research needs – planned to be addressed by Annex 79 and beyond.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schweiker2020,

title = {Review of multi‐domain approaches to indoor environmental perception and behaviour},

author = {Marcel Schweiker and Eleni Ampatzi and Maedot S. Andargie and Rune Korsholm Andersen and Elie Azar and Verena M. Barthelmes and Christiane Berger and Leonidas Bourikas and Salvatore Carlucci and Giorgia Chinazzo and Lakshmi Prabha Edappilly and Matteo Favero and Stephanie Gauthier and Anja Jamrozik and Michael Kane and Ardeshir Mahdavi and Cristina Piselli and Anna Laura Pisello and Astrid Roetzel and Adam Rysanek and Kunind Sharma and Shengbo Zhang},

doi = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106804},

issn = {03601323},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-06-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {176},

number = {106804},

pages = {1 -- 25},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Building occupants are continuously exposed to multiple indoor environmental stimuli, including thermal, visual, acoustic, and air quality related factors. Moreover, personal and contextual aspects can be regarded as additional domains influencing occupants' perception and behaviour. The scientific literature in this area typically deals with these multiple stimuli in isolation. In contrast to single-domain research, multi-domain research analyses at least two different domains, for example, visual and thermal. The relatively few literature reviews that have considered multi-domain approaches to indoor-environmental perception and behaviour covered only a few dozen articles each. The present contribution addresses this paucity by reviewing 219 scientific papers on interactions and cross-domain effects that influence occupants' indoor environmental perception and behaviour. The objective of the present review is to highlight motivational backgrounds, key methodologies, and major findings of multi-domain investigations of human perception and behaviour in indoor environments. The in-depth review of these papers provides not only an overview of the state of the art, but also contributes to the identification of existing knowledge gaps in this area and the corresponding need for future research. In particular, many studies use “convenience” variables and samples, there is often a lack of theoretical foundation to studies, and there is little research linking perception to action.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kjærgaard2020,

title = {Current practices and infrastructure for open data based research on occupant-centric design and operation of buildings},

author = {Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard and Omid Ardakanian and Salvatore Carlucci and Bing Dong and Steven K. Firth and Nan Gao and Gesche Margarethe Huebner and Ardeshir Mahdavi and Mohammad Saiedur Rahaman and Flora D. Salim and Fisayo Caleb Sangogboye and Jens Hjort Schwee and Dawid Wolosiuk and Yimin Zhu},

doi = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106848},

issn = {03601323},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-06-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {177},

number = {106848},

pages = {1 -- 13},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Many new tools for improving the design and operation of buildings try to realize the potential of big data. In particular, data is an important element for occupant-centric design and operation as occupants' presence and actions are affected by a high degree of uncertainty and, hence, are hard to model in general. For such research, data handling is an important challenge, and following an open science paradigm based on open data can increase efficiency and transparency of scientific work. This article reviews current practices and infrastructure for open data-driven research on occupant-centric design and operation of buildings. In particular, it covers related work on open data in general and for the built environment in particular, presents survey results for existing scientific practices, reviews technical solutions for handling data and metadata, discusses ethics and privacy protection and analyses principles for the sharing of open data. In summary, this study establishes the status quo and presents an outlook on future work for methods and infrastructures to support the open data community within the built environment.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Taliotis2020,

title = {Estimating the economy-wide impacts of energy policies in Cyprus},

author = {Constantinos Taliotis and Elias Giannakis and Marios Karmellos and Nestor Fylaktos and Theodoros Zachariadis},

doi = {10.1016/j.esr.2020.100495},

issn = {2211467X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-01},

journal = {Energy Strategy Reviews},

volume = {29},

pages = {100495},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Decarbonisation of the global economy is necessary to achieve the climate targets set by the Paris Agreement at COP21. Significant investments are required in low-carbon technologies on the supply and demand side of energy systems; the scale of these may pose challenges to national economies. In this paper, an energy forecast model, a cost-optimisation model and an input-output model are combined to conduct an economy-wide assessment of policy pathways for energy transition in Cyprus. The results of the study indicate that a scenario with additional energy efficiency measures and a modal shift in the transport sector can reduce final energy consumption by 10% as compared to a reference case in 2030. The macroeconomic assessment shows that the measures have a moderate but positive effect on economic growth. The construction, metal products and transportation sectors are those mainly benefiting in terms of economic output generation, while the largest negative effects are observed in the energy sector. Our findings highlight the importance of targeted investments to ensure a positive impact of energy policies on the broader economy.},

keywords = {Energy Planning & Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nitter2020,

title = {Can CO2 sensors in the ventilation system of a pool facility help reduce the variability in the trihalomethane concentration observed in indoor air?},

author = {Therese B. Nitter and Morten S. Grande and Kristin V. H. Svendsen and Rikke B. Jørgensen and Salvatore Carlucci and Guangyu Cao},

doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2020.105665},

issn = {18736750},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-01},

journal = {Environment International},

volume = {138},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Volatile and hazardous compounds are formed during the chlorination of pool water. Monitoring components in the air, such as the four trihalomethanes; chloroform, dichlorobromomethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform (tTHM), is challenging. Carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors are used for controlling air quality in different buildings and can be installed in ventilation systems for continuous surveillance and monitoring purposes. However, such sensors are not used in indoor swimming facilities. In this study, samples of tTHM and CO2 were collected and analysed, along with other air and water quality parameters such as combined chlorine, to evaluate whether CO2 sensors could be used to explain the observed variability in the tTHM concentration in an indoor swimming facility and thereby reduce the exposure of individuals utilising the pool to tTHM. Random intercept models were built for the tTHM and CO2 concentrations, respectively, and the results show that the relationships between combined chlorine in the water, CO2 in the air and number of occupants explain 52% of the variability in tTHM. The correlation between occupancy and CO2 concentration ($rho$ = 0.65, p ≤ 0.01) suggests that CO2 sensors should be used so that the air supply corresponds to the demand of the users.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Carlucci2020,

title = {Modeling occupant behavior in buildings},

author = {Salvatore Carlucci and Marilena De Simone and Steven K. Firth and Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard and Romana Markovic and Mohammad Saiedur Rahaman and Masab Khalid Annaqeeb and Silvia Biandrate and Anooshmita Das and Jakub Wladyslaw Dziedzic and Gianmarco Fajilla and Matteo Favero and Martina Ferrando and Jakob Hahn and Mengjie Han and Yuzhen Peng and Flora Salim and Arno Schlüter and Christoph Treeck},

doi = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106768},

issn = {03601323},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-05-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {174},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {In the last four decades several methods have been used to model occupants' presence and actions (OPA) in buildings according to different purposes, available computational power, and technical solutions. This study reviews approaches, methods and key findings related to OPA modeling in buildings. An extensive database of related research documents is systematically constructed, and, using bibliometric analysis techniques, the scientific production and landscape are described. The initial literature screening identified more than 750 studies, out of which 278 publications were selected. They provide an overarching view of the development of OPA modeling methods. The research field has evolved from longitudinal collaborative efforts since the late 1970s and, so far, covers diverse building typologies mostly concentrated in a few climate zones. The modeling approaches in the selected literature are grouped into three categories (rule-based models, stochastic OPA modeling, and data-driven methods) for modeling occupancy-related target functions and a set of occupants' actions (window, solar shading, electric lighting, thermostat adjustment, clothing adjustment and appliance use). The explanatory modeling is conventionally based on the model-based paradigm where occupant behavior is assumed to be stochastic, while the data-driven paradigm has found wide applications for the predictive modeling of OPA, applicable to control systems. The lack of established standard evaluation protocols was identified as a scientifically important yet rarely addressed research question. In addition, machine learning and deep learning are emerging in recent years as promising methods to address OPA modeling in real-world applications.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kyprianou2020a,

title = {Dealing with energy poverty in Cyprus–an overview},

author = {Ioanna Kyprianou and Despina Serghides},

doi = {10.1080/14786451.2019.1699560},

issn = {1478646X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-01},

journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Energy},

volume = {39},

number = {4},

pages = {308--320},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Energy poverty is the inability of a household to maintain basic energy services in the household, such as heating and cooling, due to unaffordability. This issue has been gaining public awareness since the financial crisis of 2008. Based on European-wide indicators, Cyprus demonstrates a high percentage of households with poor energy affordability. However, an in-depth investigation on energy poverty manifestations and measures has not been carried out. This paper aims to address this gap in knowledge, by outlining current measures associated with vulnerable consumers in Cyprus. Recommendations are made for the adoption of additional and/or complimentary action to effectively address energy poverty in Cyprus. Furthermore, a web-based survey collected demographic and economic information of dwellers, as well as technical characteristics of dwellings and perception of thermal comfort. Preliminary results indicate that approximately 40% of respondents reported spending up to a quarter of their net income towards energy bills.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jowkar2020,

title = {Comfort temperature and preferred adaptive behaviour in various classroom types in the UK higher learning environments},

author = {Mina Jowkar and Hom B. Rijal and James Brusey and Azadeh Montazami and Salvatore Carlucci and Terry C. Lansdown},

doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109814},

issn = {03787788},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-03-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {211},

number = {109814},

pages = {1 -- 15},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Maintaining the thermal comfort of occupants along with minimising the related energy consumption is necessary in educational buildings in the UK. Thermal comfort is particularly important in this context as it affects how well students learn in the classroom. This study aims to identify comfort temperature ranges in different classroom types, lecture rooms, studios and PC labs in UK higher learning environments. Overall, more than 3,000 university students in Coventry and Edinburgh were observed and surveyed simultaneously with the monitoring of environmental measurements under free-running, cooling and heating modes, in October and November 2017 and January to March 2018. Thermal comfort zones and comfort temperatures were identified in each classroom type under these three operation modes. The thermal comfort zone was shown to be significantly dependant on the operative temperature in the studios and PC labs. In terms of the students' priorities for adaptive behaviour inside the classrooms, students in the lecture rooms and PC labs with lower levels of freedom, preferred to restore their thermal comfort through personal adaptive behaviour. However, environmental behaviour was shown to be preferred in the studios where the occupants have a greater freedom level. Results indicate a higher level of physiological and psychological thermal adaptation for the occupants of the studios and PC labs compared to those in the lecture rooms. Consequently, the type of classroom and the students' freedom levels should be considered in environmental design of higher education buildings.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Delise2020,

title = {Modeling the Total Ternary Phase Diagram of NaNO3–KNO3–NaNO2 Using the Binary Subsystems Data},

author = {T. Delise and A. C. Tizzoni and Evgeny Votyakov and Luca Turchetti and N. Corsaro and S. Sau and S. Licoccia},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-019-2577-2},

doi = {10.1007/s10765-019-2577-2},

issn = {15729567},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Thermophysics},

volume = {41},

number = {1},

pages = {1 -- 20},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {When designing a concentrating solar power (CSP) system, selection of a proper heat transfer fluid (HTF) material is a key, especially when employed in parabolic trough CSP plants. In particular, the use of low melting mixtures as an alternative to the widely commonly used “solar salt” can increase the CSP manageably and, as a result, several innovative nitrite/nitrate mixtures have been proposed. However, very few thermodynamics data are available for these compounds, especially regarding ternary compositions. One of the most interesting low freezing mixture is prepared with sodium and potassium nitrate together with sodium nitrite. The aim of this work is to investigate the thermodynamics properties of this ternary system, starting from its binary subunits, studying the phase diagram of this compound both experimentally and by a regular solution model. At this purpose, the literature phase diagrams of the binary subsystem were simulated in order to obtain the fitting parameters necessary for the employed semi-predictive tool. Then, the ternary system was modeled and the results showed very good agreement with the experimental points. It is quite interesting to note that both the theoretical and experimental results showed a low melting zone presenting greater sodium nitrate molar fractions with respect to sodium nitrite than previously reported in literature. This would lead to a decrease in the HTF price and an improvement regarding the fluid toxicity.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wang2020,

title = {Verification of optical modelling of sunshape and surface slope error for concentrating solar power systems},

author = {Ye Wang and Daniel Potter and Charles Alexis Asselineau and Clotilde Corsi and Michael Wagner and Cyril Caliot and Benjamin Piaud and Manuel J. Blanco and Jin Soo Kim and John Pye},

doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2019.11.035},

issn = {0038092X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Solar Energy},

volume = {195},

pages = {461--474},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Sunshape and reflector surface slope error distributions are significant elements in modelling the optical behaviour of a concentrating solar power system. Different optical modelling tools implement these elements with various approaches. Discrepancies can easily accumulate in simulations of a large optical system as a result of incorrect implementations. This study reviews and verifies the implementations of these two factors in six tools that are widely used for optical modelling in solar energy research: Tonatiuh, SolTrace, Tracer, Solstice, Heliosim and SolarPILOT. The review incorporates three rounds of tests. Firstly, basic tests examine each factor carefully in simplified on-axis reflector–target configurations (round ‘A'). Secondly, off-axis effects are introduced (round ‘B'). Thirdly, full heliostat field simulations are verified (round ‘C'). All of the test cases are simulated with each modelling tool, and results are compared. Discrepancies were observed due to approximations inherent in the cone optics (convolution) methods, incorrect implementation the of pillbox slope errors, different approaches to setting the circumsolar ratio for the Buie sunshape, and different approaches to the calculation of blocking and shading losses in some tools. All issues are discussed fully, and solutions to most issues were implemented within the scope of the present study. Some remaining issues are noted. The study highlights the importance of careful implementation of these aspects of optical modelling and contributes to an improvement in the quality of several widely-used tools.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sridharan2019,

title = {Resilience of the Eastern African electricity sector to climate driven changes in hydropower generation},

author = {Vignesh Sridharan and Oliver Broad and Abhishek Shivakumar and Mark Howells and Brent Boehlert and David G. Groves and Holger Rogner and Constantinos Taliotis and James E. Neumann and Kenneth M. Strzepek and Robert Lempert and Brian Joyce and Annette Huber-Lee and Raffaello Cervigni},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08275-7},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-08275-7},

issn = {20411723},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-12-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {1--9},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {Notwithstanding current heavy dependence on gas-fired electricity generation in the Eastern African Power Pool (EAPP), hydropower is expected to play an essential role in improving electricity access in the region. Expansion planning of electricity infrastructure is critical to support investment and maintaining balanced consumer electricity prices. Variations in water availability due to a changing climate could leave hydro infrastructure stranded or result in underutilization of available resources. In this study, we develop a framework consisting of long-term models for electricity supply and water systems management, to assess the vulnerability of potential expansion plans to the effects of climate change. We find that the most resilient EAPP rollout strategy corresponds to a plan optimised for a slightly wetter climate compared to historical trends. This study demonstrates that failing to climate-proof infrastructure investments can result in significant electricity price fluctuations in selected countries (Uganda & Tanzania) while others, such as Egypt, are less vulnerable.},

keywords = {Energy Planning & Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Moazami2019a,

title = {Towards climate robust buildings: An innovative method for designing buildings with robust energy performance under climate change},

author = {Amin Moazami and Salvatore Carlucci and Vahid M. Nik and Stig Geving},

doi = {10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2019.109378},

issn = {0378-7788},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-11-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {202},

pages = {109378},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Neglecting extremes and designing buildings for the past or most likely weather conditions is not the best approach for the future. Robust design techniques can, however, be a viable option for tackling future challenges. The concept of robust design was first introduced by Taguchi in the 1940s. The result of the design process is a product that is insensitive to the effect of given sources of variability, even though the sources themselves are not eliminated. A robust design optimization (RDO) method is for the first time proposed in this paper, for supporting architects and engineers in the design of buildings with robust energy performance under climate change and extreme conditions. The simplicity and the low computational demand of the process underlies the feasibility and applicability of this method, which can be used at any stage of the design process. The results show that the performance of the optimum solution not only has a 81.5% lower variation (less sensitivity to climate uncertainty) but at the same time has a 14.4% lower mean energy use value compared with a solution that is compliant with a recent construction standard (ASHRAE 90.1-2016). Less sensitivity to climate uncertainty means greater robustness to climate change whilst maintaining high performance.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bonanos2019a,

title = {Heliostat surface shape characterization for accurate flux prediction},

author = {Aristides M. Bonanos and Marina Faka and Dante Abate and S. Hermon and Manuel J. Blanco},

doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.051},

issn = {18790682},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-11-01},

journal = {Renewable Energy},

volume = {142},

pages = {30--40},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The performance of a heliostat field is directly related to the optical quality of the mirror surfaces used to reflect solar radiation onto the receiver. In this paper, two methods are used to characterize the actual shape of the surface of a heliostat, using laser scanning and photogrammetry. The accuracy of each technique for the intended purpose is reported, while the methodology for analyzing the resulting point clouds is presented. The shape of the reflecting surface is reconstructed from the point clouds generated by each one of the methods used to characterize the actual shape of the heliostat surface. The Tonatiuh ray tracing program is used to compare the flux distributions of the heliostat obtained in this way, with the intended ideal parabolic shape of the heliostat. The flux distributions are also compared to optical images of the heliostat reflection on a plane target. Surface reconstruction from the photogrammetry point cloud results in a better agreement between the optical and simulated flux distributions on the target. Comparing results from the reconstructed surfaces and the ideal parabolic surface to optical images, a 20% improvement in prediction is achieved by using the photogrammetry point cloud as opposed to the ideal parabolic shape.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Causone2019,

title = {A data-driven procedure to model occupancy and occupant-related electric load profiles in residential buildings for energy simulation},

author = {Francesco Causone and Salvatore Carlucci and Martina Ferrando and Alla Marchenko and Silvia Erba},

doi = {10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2019.109342},

issn = {0378-7788},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-11-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {202},

pages = {109342},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Improving the reliability of energy simulation outputs is becoming a pressing task to reduce the performance gap between the design and the operation of buildings. Occupant behaviour modelling is one of the most relevant sources of uncertainty in building energy modelling and is typically modelled via a priori choices made by modellers. Thus, an improvement in the description of occupant behaviour is needed. To this regard, the availability of smart meter recordings might help to generate more reliable input data for building energy models. This paper discusses a novel data-driven procedure that enables to create yearly occupancy and occupant-related electric load profiles to inform building energy modelling, using a typical uneven database made available by energy operators. The procedure is subdivided into three main tasks. The first has the intent to detect representative occupant-related electric load profiles from smart meters readings. The second task aims to generate yearly occupancy profiles from the same database. The last task assesses the impact of the generated occupancy and occupant-related electric load profiles on building energy simulation outputs. The procedure is applied to the case study of a multi-residential building in Milan, Italy and is meant to show the possibility to overcome deterministic inputs that might have little relation with the actual building operation. It showed a substantial improvement in the reliability of building energy simulation and that occupant related load profiles may account for about 8% of the building's energy need for space heating.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nitter2019,

title = {Energy use and perceived health in indoor swimming pool facilities},

author = {Therese B. Nitter and Salvatore Carlucci and Snorre N. Olsen and Kristin V. H. Svendsen},

url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/609/4/042051 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/609/4/042051/meta},

doi = {10.1088/1757-899X/609/4/042051},

issn = {1757-899X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-09-01},

journal = {IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering},

volume = {609},

number = {4},

pages = {042051},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

abstract = {Swimming facilities are one of the most complex building categories with their high energy use and demanding indoor environment. A survey to collect information about user health and comfort, technical installations and operational strategies was distributed to pool facilities-from conventional swimming facilities to water parks-Across Norway, and this article is based on the responses from 45 facilities. Using a multiple regression analysis, approximately 75% of the delivered energy can be attributed to the bather load and number of opening days. No correlation between delivered energy and user health and thermal comfort was obtained; however, a significant correlation between bathers and workers perceived health and comfort was found. Furthermore, bathers in the water parks reported to be significantly less satisfied with the indoor environment in comparison to bathers in conventional swimming facilities. The water parks also have a lower air change rate compared to the conventional swimming facilities.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kyprianou2019,

title = {Energy poverty policies and measures in 5 EU countries: A comparative study},

author = {Ioanna Kyprianou and Despina Serghides and A. Varo and J. P. Gouveia and D. Kopeva and L. Murauskaite},

doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.05.003},

issn = {03787788},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-08-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

volume = {196},

pages = {46--60},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Energy Poverty (EP)is the inability to attain a socially and materially necessitated level of domestic energy services. In the EU this occurs primarily due to low incomes, poor energy performance of buildings and high energy costs. The impacts of EP range from impaired social lives to unhealthy living conditions, with further consequences in the physical and mental health of energy poor individuals. Member states have been assigned by the EU with the responsibility of dealing with EP within their own territories. This is attainable mainly by creating effective policies, while also encouraging synergies among policies of different fields. However, scientific knowledge is gathered and action is taken on a national level only in a limited number of EU countries. For this reason, this paper aims to fill in the gap and capture snapshots from five EU countries (Cyprus, Spain, Portugal, Bulgaria and Lithuania)where EP has not been exhaustively examined. The study provides an overview of selected policies and measures directly or indirectly targeting EP alleviation and analyses their history and evolution at an EU level as well as at national level. It considers the different geographical dimensions, conditions and aspects (e.g. national or regional)where EP is encountered, in an attempt to identify any variances or similarities in the approaches adopted. Through this comparative study, strengths and weaknesses of national strategies are identified and analysed. Conclusively, based on this analysis, recommendations are made on how to utilise policy tools and provide the most efficient support to energy poor households in the corresponding countries.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sridharan2019a,

title = {The impact of climate change on crop production in Uganda-An integrated systems assessment with water and energy implications},

author = {Vignesh Sridharan and Eunice Pereira Ramos and Eduardo Zepeda and Brent Boehlert and Abhishek Shivakumar and Constantinos Taliotis and Mark Howells},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/9/1805},

doi = {10.3390/w11091805},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-08-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {11},

number = {9},

pages = {1805},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {With less than 3% of agricultural cropland under irrigation, subsistence farmers in Uganda are dependent on seasonal precipitation for crop production. The majority of crops grown in the country-especially staple food crops like Matooke (Plantains)-are sensitive to the availability of water throughout their growing period and hence vulnerable to climatic impacts. In response to these challenges, the Government has developed an ambitious irrigation master plan. However, the energy implications of implementing the plan have not been explored in detail. This article attempts to address three main issues involving the nexus between water, energy, crop production, and climate. The first one explores the impact of climate on rain-fed crop production. The second explores the irrigation crop water needs under selected climate scenarios. The third focuses on the energy implications of implementing the irrigation master plan. We attempt to answer the above questions using a water balance model for Uganda developed for this study. Our results, developed at a catchment level, indicate that on average there could be an 11% reduction and 8% increase in rain-fed crop production in the cumulatively driest and wettest climates, respectively. Furthermore, in the identified driest climate, the electricity required for pumping water is expected to increase by 12% on average compared to the base scenario.},

keywords = {Energy Planning & Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bonanos2019,

title = {Engineering aspects and thermal performance of molten salt transfer lines in solar power applications},

author = {Aristides M. Bonanos and Marios C. Georgiou and Konstantinos G. Stokos and Costas N. Papanicolas},

doi = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.03.091},

issn = {13594311},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-01},

journal = {Applied Thermal Engineering},

volume = {154},

pages = {294--301},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Concentrating solar thermal power coupled with thermal energy storage is considered as one of the leading technologies to address the decarbonization of the energy sector. The use of molten solar salt (60–40% b.w. NaNO3-KNO3) as heat transfer fluid and thermal storage medium is the current commercial practice, with alternative salt mixtures being under evaluation for the next-generation higher-temperature systems. The main drawback of the molten salts is their high freezing temperature; active means are required for preheating of- and to prevent salt from freezing in- the transfer lines. In this article we present experiences from the PROTEAS facility, where heating tapes as opposed to heating cables are used. The thermal energy losses from the transfer lines are evaluated and compared to those predicted by a one-dimensional heat transfer analysis. Thermal losses between 43 and 100 W/m are found at operating temperatures from 300 to 500 °C. A joint optimization of the capital and operational expenditure for heating tapes and insulation is performed, leading to the optimal insulation thickness and installed heat tracing capacity. Increasing the installed heat tracing capacity with respect to the minimum required to overcome thermal losses, leads to a reduction of the preheating time and, therefore, a reduction in the overall operational expenses of the system. In some situations, this was found to also lead to a reduction in the necessary insulation thickness. Simulations indicate that if the optimal insulation was used, a decrease of 10 and 15% in thermal losses and O&M expenditures, respectively, could be achieved.},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Blanco2019a,

title = {FluxTracer: A Ray Tracer Postprocessor to Assist in the Design and Optimization of Solar Concentrators and Receivers},

author = {Manuel J. Blanco and Marios Constantinou and Clotilde Corsi and Victor Grigoriev and Kypros Milidonis and Constantinos F. Panagiotou and Costas N. Papanicolas and John Pye and Evgeny Votyakov},

url = {https://github.com/solartherm},

doi = {10.1115/1.4042127},

issn = {15288986},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-04-01},

journal = {Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Transactions of the ASME},

volume = {141},

number = {2},

pages = {21015--1 -- 21015--9},

publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)},

abstract = {This paper presents FluxTracer, an advanced open source computer tool to assist in the analysis, design, and optimization of solar concentrators and receivers. FluxTracer is a postprocessor for Monte Carlo ray tracers used to simulate the optical behavior of solar concentrating systems. By postprocessing the rays generated by the ray tracer, FluxTracer can partition into volumetric pixels (voxels) a region of interest in three-dimensional (3D) space defined by the user and compute for each voxel the radiant power density of the concentrated solar radiation. Depending upon the set of rays provided by the ray tracer, it may be able to integrate the radiant power density in every voxel over time. The radiant energy density analysis described is just one of the analyses that FluxTracer can carry out on the set of rays generated by the ray tracer. This paper presents the main analyses that FluxTracer can provide. It also presents examples of how the information provided by FluxTracer can be used to assist in the analysis, design, and optimization of solar concentrators and receivers. FluxTracer is the first of a series of components of an open-source computational framework for the analysis, design, and optimization of solar concentrators and receiver, being developed by The Cyprus Institute (CyI) and the Australian National University (ANU).},

keywords = {Advanced Renewable Energy Systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Moazami2019,

title = {Impacts of future weather data typology on building energy performance – Investigating long-term patterns of climate change and extreme weather conditions},

author = {Amin Moazami and Vahid M. Nik and Salvatore Carlucci and Stig Geving},

doi = {10.1016/J.APENERGY.2019.01.085},

issn = {0306-2619},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-03-01},

journal = {Applied Energy},

volume = {238},

pages = {696--720},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Patterns of future climate and expected extreme conditions are pushing design limits as recognition of climate change and its implication for the built environment increases. There are a number of ways of estimating future climate projections and creating weather files. Obtaining adequate representation of long-term patterns of climate change and extreme conditions is, however, challenging. This work aims at answering two research questions: does a method of generating future weather files for building performance simulation bring advantages that cannot be provided by other methods? And what type of future weather files enable building engineers and designers to more credibly test robustness of their designs against climate change? To answer these two questions, the work provides an overview of the major approaches to create future weather data sets based on the statistical and dynamical downscaling of climate models. A number of weather data sets for Geneva were synthesized and applied to the energy simulation of 16 ASHRAE standard reference buildings, single buildings and their combination to create a virtual neighborhood. Representative weather files are synthesized to account for extreme conditions together with typical climate conditions and investigate their importance in the energy performance of buildings. According to the results, all the methods provide enough information to study the long-term impacts of climate change on average. However, the results also revealed that assessing the energy robustness of buildings only under typical future conditions is not sufficient. Depending on the type of building, the relative change of peak load for cooling demand under near future extreme conditions can still be up to 28.5% higher compared to typical conditions. It is concluded that only those weather files generated based on dynamical downscaling and that take into consideration both typical and extreme conditions are the most reliable for providing representative boundary conditions to test the energy robustness of buildings under future climate uncertainties. The results for the neighborhood explaining the critical situation that an energy network may face due to increased peak load under extreme climatic conditions. Such critical situations remain unforeseeable by relying solely on typical and observed extreme conditions, putting the climate resilience of buildings and energy systems at risk.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Moksnes2019,

title = {Determinants of energy futures—a scenario discovery method applied to cost and carbon emission futures for South American electricity infrastructure},

author = {Nandi Moksnes and Julie Rozenberg and Oliver Broad and Constantinos Taliotis and Mark Howells and Holger Rogner},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ab06de},

doi = {10.1088/2515-7620/ab06de},

issn = {25157620},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-03-01},

journal = {Environmental Research Communications},

volume = {1},

number = {2},

pages = {025001--1 -- 025001--25},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

abstract = {Energy policy and investment are commonly informed by a small number of scenarios, modelled with proprietary models and closed data-sets. It limits what levels of insight that can be derived from it. This paper overcomes these critical concerns by exploring a large number of scenarios with an open-data and open-source model to address regional mitigation policy. Focusing on South America, we translate an ensemble of long-term electricity supply scenarios into policy insights and use post-processing methods to present a systematic mapping of solution outputs to model inputs. We find demand levels, the cost of capital and the level of CO2-limits to be significant determinants of total investment cost. Low-carbon pathways are associated with low demand and low cost of capital. When cost of capital increases a shift away from wind and hydropower to natural gas and solar PV is seen. We further show that appropriate concessionary finance together with energy efficiency measures are critical—at a continental level—to unlock economic, low-carbon investment.},

keywords = {Energy Planning & Analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Serghides2019,

title = {The bioclimatic approach in developing smart urban isles for sustainable cities},

author = {Despina Serghides and Stella Dimitriou and Ioanna Kyprianou and Costas N. Papanicolas},

editor = {A. Sayigh},

url = {https://www.rees-journal.org/articles/rees/full_html/2019/01/rees180006s/rees180006s.html https://www.rees-journal.org/articles/rees/abs/2019/01/rees180006s/rees180006s.html https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-18488-9_5},

issn = {2493-9439},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain.},

volume = {4},

number = {2},

abstract = {The rapid trends of urbanization have catastrophic consequences on the ecology of our cities. The large amounts of energy consumption and the reckless exploitation of natural resources is leading to increased emissions of ozone depleting gases and carbon dioxide emissions, which are polluting our planet and enhancing the effects of global warming. This paper will present the bioclimatic approach in achieving a smart urban isle as a basic unit for the development of sustainable cities of the EU ERANET project “Smart bioclimatic low-carbon urban areas as innovative energy isles in the sustainable city” (SUI). It will outline the project and demonstrate the approach of achieving bioclimatic urban isles through the Cyprus case study. The main aim of the SUI project is to develop sustainable cities through balancing locally the energy systems. Thus, the project aspires to move forward with the urban energy and CO2 reduction. The study will focus on the bioclimatic approach, which is one of the three cornerstone procedures (Bioclimatic design, Smart Grids and Management Platform) on which the project is based. It will exemplify how the various aspects of the bioclimatic design and the utilization of the beneficial aspects of the surrounding environment are exploited and applied on defined urban isles, as a basic unit of the city.},

keywords = {Sustainable Built Environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}